Pérdida de carbono por deforestación reciente (2010-2013) en las tierras bajas y Yungas de Bolivia
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
En este estudio, evaluamos la pérdida potencial de carbono causada por la deforestación reciente (2010-2013) ocurrida en las tierras bajas y Yungas de Bolivia. Examinamos de forma específica la magnitud y pérdida de carbono ocurrida en áreas protegidas nacionales y territorios indígenas titulados (TCO o TIOC). Utilizamos como línea de base los resultados de almacenamiento de carbono propuestos por WHRC (Woods Hole Research Center, www.whrc.org) para 2010. Detectamos la deforestación ocurrida entre 2010 y 2013 utilizando una metodología basada en el cálculo de NDFI (Normalized Difference Fraction Index, Souza et al. 2005) y árboles de decisión. Calculamos la pérdida potencial de carbono 2010-2013 sustrayendo la deforestación ocurrida en 2013. Los resultados indican que la pérdida potencial de carbono fue de 62.0 millones de toneladas métricas de carbono (tC) para las tierras bajas y Yungas (aprox. 20.7 millones de tC/año) y entre 2.6-4.4 millones de tC para las áreas protegidas nacionales (aprox. 879 mil tC/año) y territorios indígenas titulados (aprox. 1.5 millones de tC/año), respectivamente. Identificamos tres frentes de pérdida de carbono localizados en las provincias biogeográficas Chiquitana, Chaqueña y Beniana ubicadas en la principal zona de expansión de la frontera agropecuaria del país (el departamento de Santa Cruz). Sugerimos diseñar un programa de monitoreo sobre la capacidad de almacenamiento de carbono de los diferentes tipos de bosque que existen en Bolivia. Este programa de monitoreo podría articularse al Sistema Boliviano de Certificación de Bosques e Incentivos (SBCBI), como una estrategia que ayude a disuadir la conversión del bosque y, por tanto, la pérdida de carbono.
In this study, we evaluate the potential carbon loss caused by recent deforestation (2010-2013) in the lowlands and Yungas of Bolivia. Specifically, we examine the extent of carbon loss that occurred in national protected areas and officially recognized indigenous territories (in Spanish TIOC or TCO). Models on carbon storage proposed by WHRC (Woods Hole Research Center, www.whrc.org) at a global scale for 2010 as a baseline. In order to detect deforestation occurred from 2010 to 2013, we used a methodology based on the calculation of NDFI (Normalized Difference Fraction Index, Souza et al. 2005) and decision trees. We calculated the potential carbon loss occurred from 2010 to 2013 by deforestation of carbon storage in 2013 that these forests had in 2010. The results show that the potential loss of carbon was 62.0 million tC for the lowlands and the Yungas (about 20.7 million tC/year) and from 2.6 to 4.4 million tC for national protected areas (about 879,000 tC/year) and officially recognized indigenous territories (about 1.5 million tC/year). We identified three fronts of carbon loss in the biogeographic provinces of Chiquitania, Chaco and Beni, which are located in the main area of expansion of the agricultural frontier of the country (Department Santa Cruz). We suggest designing a long-term monitoring program to assess the carbon storage capacity in different types of forests in Bolivia. This monitoring program could link to Bolivian System of Forest Certification and Incentives (SBCBI, in Spanish), as a strategy that helps to diminish the conversion of forest and, thus, prevent carbon loss.
In this study, we evaluate the potential carbon loss caused by recent deforestation (2010-2013) in the lowlands and Yungas of Bolivia. Specifically, we examine the extent of carbon loss that occurred in national protected areas and officially recognized indigenous territories (in Spanish TIOC or TCO). Models on carbon storage proposed by WHRC (Woods Hole Research Center, www.whrc.org) at a global scale for 2010 as a baseline. In order to detect deforestation occurred from 2010 to 2013, we used a methodology based on the calculation of NDFI (Normalized Difference Fraction Index, Souza et al. 2005) and decision trees. We calculated the potential carbon loss occurred from 2010 to 2013 by deforestation of carbon storage in 2013 that these forests had in 2010. The results show that the potential loss of carbon was 62.0 million tC for the lowlands and the Yungas (about 20.7 million tC/year) and from 2.6 to 4.4 million tC for national protected areas (about 879,000 tC/year) and officially recognized indigenous territories (about 1.5 million tC/year). We identified three fronts of carbon loss in the biogeographic provinces of Chiquitania, Chaco and Beni, which are located in the main area of expansion of the agricultural frontier of the country (Department Santa Cruz). We suggest designing a long-term monitoring program to assess the carbon storage capacity in different types of forests in Bolivia. This monitoring program could link to Bolivian System of Forest Certification and Incentives (SBCBI, in Spanish), as a strategy that helps to diminish the conversion of forest and, thus, prevent carbon loss.
Description
Vol. 51, No. 1