Alteraciones de los tejidos periodontales en pacientes con ortodoncia. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment is often used to correct malocclusion; however, it can trigger alterations in periodontal tissues that cause the appearance of gingivitis and periodontitis. Studies concerning alterations associated orthodontic treatment have been carried out; nevertheless, a study that integrates the results of these studies has not been found. The purpose of this paper is to describe the periodontal tissue alterations in patients with orthodontic treatment. Methodology: Different sources of information were consulted: Medline through PubMed, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, SciELO. The selection of the studies involved patients no periodontally compromised to start orthodontic treatment, with no craniofacial anomalies, patients with fixed oral or lingual orthodontic and also patients who had completed treatment. Results: 60 studies were found which controlled clinical trials prevailed, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies also were found. The number of patients considered was 6342 of both sexes between 14.9 ± 4.5 and 27.8 ± 13.4 years old. The evidence shows that the trigger for periodontal disease is the accumulation of dental plaque due to the difficulty of brushing, favoring the emergence of periodontal alterations. Conclusions: It is suggested to comply with the protocol established for the orthodontic treatment, and promote educational campaigns in order to orientate the patient regarding the importance of good technique of brushing and oral hygiene.