Significant fluxes of methane over tropical wetlands and their associated δ13C isotopic source signatures

Abstract

<p>Tropical wetlands have been proposed as a potential driver for the recent rise in global atmospheric methane. However, direct access and quantification of emissions is difficult. In March 2019, a pilot study was given permission to overfly the Bolivian Llanos de Moxos wetlands to measure atmospheric mixing ratios of methane and collect spot samples for isotopic analysis. Combined with this was a short ground campaign to collect isotopic samples directly above the wetland edge to compare with the integrated atmospheric signature.</p><p>Atmospheric mixing ratios of methane reached a maximum of 2400 ppb (500 ppb above baseline concentrations) in the well mixed boundary layer flying at 400m above the wetland. Upwind and downwind transects were a maximum of 300 km, and methane mixing ratios increased roughly linearly with distance downwind. The isotopic data from the airborne surveys and ground surveys give a bulk isotopic signature for δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>CH4</sub> of ~-59 ‰ ± 4, which is less negative than Amazon floodplain work focusing on emission of methane through trees, but match well with bulk isotopic values from the Amazon Basin. Ground based wetland samples taken concurrently near Trinidad, Bolivia, gave a source signature of -56 ‰ ± 4 re-enforcing the likelihood that the atmospheric enhancements measured are related to the wetland emissions. For comparison, tropical wetlands measured at ground level during a recent Ugandan and Zambian campaign gave heavier δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>CH4</sub> isotopic source signatures of -50 to -54 ‰. Based on this snap shot study, flux estimations suggest that the Bolivian wetlands could be emitting ~10mg CH<sub>4</sub> m<sup>-2 </sup>h<sup>-1</sup>. The observed mole fractions will be compared to model simulations to determine how well the Bolivian wetland methane fluxes are represented.</p>