Metodología para la identificación y evaluación de riesgos de pasivos ambientales mineros con fines de priorización para su remediación
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Volume Title
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
Como consecuencia de la actividad minera y también minero-industrial, en la mayoría de los países quedaron numerosas minas e instalaciones en estado de abandono sin que muchas de ellas se hayan sometido a un proceso adecuado de cierre; lo que ha significado que, en la actualidad haya numerosos lugares en los que se presentan escenarios de riesgo para la seguridad y salud de las personas y para el medio ambiente. Bolivia, se caracteriza por presentar una serie de espacios en los cuales se desarrollaban actividades mineras y que a la fecha se constituyen en sitios mineros abandonados; esta situación, ha sido demostrada por el SERGEOTECMIN en el marco del proyecto Inventariación de Pasivos Ambientales, donde de un total de 870 minas visitadas el 71,11% se encontraban abandonadas, sin haberse operado en ellas un Plan de Cierre y Rehabilitación. A la fecha, no se tiene una metodología para llevar adelante una adecuada identificación; caracterización y además, una evaluación del riesgo para la salud y seguridad de la población, para la biodiversidad y para el medio ambiente que dichos pasivos ambientales representan. Por tanto, el objetivo del trabajo de investigación se circunscribe a proponer una propuesta de una Metodología para la identificación, Caracterización y Evaluación de Riesgos de Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAM) con Fines de Priorización para su Remediación. A partir del llenado de la "ficha-inventario", que permite la identificación del PAM; y el llenado de una "matriz de asignación cualitativa de la Probabilidad de Ocurrencia del Suceso vs la Severidad de la Consecuencia para cada PAM" propuesta, se puede evaluar los riesgos del PAM para la salud y seguridad de la población y para el medio ambiente; y así, generar el "ranking de priorización de medidas de mitigación a implementar" para establecer acciones prioritarias de remediación en aquellos casos en el que el PAM genere impactos significativos. Las metodologías propuestas han sido aplicadas como Caso de estudio al PAM del sitio minero de Milluni; demostrando que este, requiere de "medidas inmediatas de mitigación" porque genera un riesgo potencial para la salud y seguridad de la población, para la biodiversidad y para el medio ambiente.
Summary As a consequence of the mining and mining-industrial activity, in most of the countries there were numerous mines and installations in a state of neglect without many of them having undergone an adequate process of closure; which has meant that, at present, there are numerous places where risk scenarios for the safety and health of people and for the environment are presented. Bolivia, is characterized by presenting a series of spaces in which mining activities were developed and which to date are constituted in abandoned mining sites; This situation has been demonstrated by the SERGEOTECMIN within the framework of the Environmental Passive Inventory project, where 71,11% of the total of 870 mines visited were abandoned, without a Closure and Rehabilitation Plan. To date, there is no methodology to carry out an adequate identification; characterization and, in addition, an evaluation of the risk for the health and safety of the population, for biodiversity and for the environment that said environmental liabilities represent. Therefore, the objective of the research work is limited to proposing a proposal for a Methodology for the Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of Risk of Mining Environmental Liabilities (PAM) with Priority Purposes for its Remediation. From the filling of the "inventory-file", which allows the identification of the PAM; and the filling of a "matrix of qualitative assignment of the Probability of Occurrence of the Event vs. the Severity of the Consequence for each PAM" proposed, the MAP risks can be evaluated for the health and safety of the population and for the environment; and thus, generate the "ranking of prioritization of mitigation measures to be implemented" to establish priority actions for remediation in those cases in which the PAM generates significant impacts. The proposed methodologies have been applied as Case Study to the PAM of the Milluni mining site; demonstrating that this requires "immediate mitigation measures" because it generates a potential risk to the health and safety of the population, to biodiversity and to the environment.
Summary As a consequence of the mining and mining-industrial activity, in most of the countries there were numerous mines and installations in a state of neglect without many of them having undergone an adequate process of closure; which has meant that, at present, there are numerous places where risk scenarios for the safety and health of people and for the environment are presented. Bolivia, is characterized by presenting a series of spaces in which mining activities were developed and which to date are constituted in abandoned mining sites; This situation has been demonstrated by the SERGEOTECMIN within the framework of the Environmental Passive Inventory project, where 71,11% of the total of 870 mines visited were abandoned, without a Closure and Rehabilitation Plan. To date, there is no methodology to carry out an adequate identification; characterization and, in addition, an evaluation of the risk for the health and safety of the population, for biodiversity and for the environment that said environmental liabilities represent. Therefore, the objective of the research work is limited to proposing a proposal for a Methodology for the Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of Risk of Mining Environmental Liabilities (PAM) with Priority Purposes for its Remediation. From the filling of the "inventory-file", which allows the identification of the PAM; and the filling of a "matrix of qualitative assignment of the Probability of Occurrence of the Event vs. the Severity of the Consequence for each PAM" proposed, the MAP risks can be evaluated for the health and safety of the population and for the environment; and thus, generate the "ranking of prioritization of mitigation measures to be implemented" to establish priority actions for remediation in those cases in which the PAM generates significant impacts. The proposed methodologies have been applied as Case Study to the PAM of the Milluni mining site; demonstrating that this requires "immediate mitigation measures" because it generates a potential risk to the health and safety of the population, to biodiversity and to the environment.
Description
No. 5