Estabilidad fenotípica y tolerancia a la floración prematura en cultivares de cebolla de fotoperiodo intermedio en la región Altiplánica de Bolivia
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J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
Abstract
La cebolla en Bolivia desempeña un papel importante en la economía y la seguridad alimentaria, su producción interna contribuye a reducir la dependencia de las importaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar genotipos de cebolla estables con tolerancia a la floración prematura, adaptados para la producción en el Altiplano. Se evaluaron 1 línea promisoria y 3 cultivares de fotoperiodo intermedio (forman bulbo cuando el largo del día excede 13-14 h), para la estabilidad del rendimiento se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en 5 localidades de zonas productoras de este cultivo, ubicadas en los departamentos de Oruro, La Paz y Cochabamba. Se registró el porcentaje de plantas florecidas y el peso de bulbo de cebolla para cada parcela después de la cosecha. Se realizó análisis de varianza de localidades y genotipos combinados, para determinar los cultivares más estables se utilizó los métodos univariados de y multivaridos de AMMIbiplot y GGEbiplot. Los resultados indicaron que las línea LP-Altiplano fue las más estables en cuento a rendimiento en distintas localidades (bi =1.13, S2di=26.93, R2=.56, ri2=24.63, Wi=125.74). De los efectos principales del genotipo y de los biplots de interacción genotipo-ambiente, las líneas con mejor rendimiento fueron Perilla (35.0 t h−1) y LP-Altiplano (34.8 t h−1), manifestando ser muy estable en cuanto a su producción y desarrolló bulbos de forma y tamaño en más del 90 % de las plantas evaluadas en las diferentes localidades. Los cultivares Navideña y Globosa, registraron baja productividad con 14.5 y 12.1 t ha-1 respectivamente y fueron más susceptibles a la floración prematura (bolting). Este último carácter disminuye significativamente la calidad del bulbo y los hace poco procedentes para su uso en siembras comerciales.
Onion in Bolivia plays an important role in the economy and food security; its domestic production contributes to reduce dependence on imports. The objective of this study was to identify stable onion genotypes with tolerance to premature flowering, adapted for production in the Altiplano. One promising line and three intermediate photoperiod cultivars (bulb forming when day length exceeds 13-14 h) were evaluated for yield stability using a randomized complete block design. The trials were carried out in 5 locations in producing areas of this crop, located in the departments of Oruro, La Paz and Cochabamba. The percentage of flowering plants and onion bulb weight were recorded for each plot after harvest. Analysis of variance of locations and genotypes combined was carried out to determine the most stable cultivars using the univariate and multivariate methods of AMMIbiplot and GGEbiplot. The results indicated that the LP-Altiplano line was the most stable in terms of yield at different locations (bi =1.13, S2di=26.93, R2=.56, ri2=24.63, Wi=125.74). From the main effects of genotype and genotype-environment interaction biplots, the lines with the best yield were Perilla (35.0 t h-1) and LP-Altiplano (34.8 t h-1), showing very stable yield and developed bulbs of shape and size in more than 90 % of the plants evaluated in the different locations. The cultivars Navideña and Globosa, recorded low productivity with 14.5 and 12.1 t ha-1 respectively and were more susceptible to premature flowering (bolting). This last trait significantly reduces bulb quality and makes them unsuitable for commercial planting.
Onion in Bolivia plays an important role in the economy and food security; its domestic production contributes to reduce dependence on imports. The objective of this study was to identify stable onion genotypes with tolerance to premature flowering, adapted for production in the Altiplano. One promising line and three intermediate photoperiod cultivars (bulb forming when day length exceeds 13-14 h) were evaluated for yield stability using a randomized complete block design. The trials were carried out in 5 locations in producing areas of this crop, located in the departments of Oruro, La Paz and Cochabamba. The percentage of flowering plants and onion bulb weight were recorded for each plot after harvest. Analysis of variance of locations and genotypes combined was carried out to determine the most stable cultivars using the univariate and multivariate methods of AMMIbiplot and GGEbiplot. The results indicated that the LP-Altiplano line was the most stable in terms of yield at different locations (bi =1.13, S2di=26.93, R2=.56, ri2=24.63, Wi=125.74). From the main effects of genotype and genotype-environment interaction biplots, the lines with the best yield were Perilla (35.0 t h-1) and LP-Altiplano (34.8 t h-1), showing very stable yield and developed bulbs of shape and size in more than 90 % of the plants evaluated in the different locations. The cultivars Navideña and Globosa, recorded low productivity with 14.5 and 12.1 t ha-1 respectively and were more susceptible to premature flowering (bolting). This last trait significantly reduces bulb quality and makes them unsuitable for commercial planting.
Description
Vol. 15, No. 2