Validación de marcadores moleculares para resistencia a sequía en trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) bajo condiciones de invernadero
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J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.
Abstract
Con objetivo de estudiar la resistencia genética a sequía y validar marcadores moleculares co-localizados con genes/QTLs para este factor, se evaluó 16 variedades y líneas avanzadas de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum) en dos estadios de desarrollo del cultivo. Se consideraron los parámetros fisiológicos: cantidad de clorofila (clo), grado de marchitez o severidad (sev) y capacidad de recuperación (recup), los parámetros morfológicos: materia seca de follaje (MSF) y materia seca de raíz (MSR), los mecanismos de resistencia integrados: eficiencia de uso de agua (WUE), otros parámetros: número de granos (Ngrano) y peso de granos (Pgrano), parámetros bioquímicos: Catalaza (CAT), Ascorbato Peroxidasa (APX) y Guaiacol Peroxidasa (POX) y tres marcadores microsatélite (Xwmc603, Xwmc596, Xwmc9). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas para MSR y Ngrano. Se observó que Anzaldo, ERR2V.L-20, EARII2V.L-5, EARIZV.L-11, ERR2V.L-11 y EE2V.L-19 fueron los más resistentes al estrés hídrico por sequía. Hubo una correlación negativa alta y significativa para clo y sev. En cambio, se observó una correlación moderada y significativa entre las variables clo y MSR. También se observó una correlación alta negativa y significativa entre la recup y la MSR. Finalmente se encontró una alta correlación negativa entre la MSR y el Ngrano. Todas las demás variables mostraron correlaciones bajas y no significativas. En los análisis bioquímicos la variedad Anzaldo mostró una actividad enzimática incrementada respecto de los controles en todos los casos (CAT-APX y POX), siendo la más resistentes al estrés hídrico por sequía. Finalmente se encontró que los marcadores SSR (Xwmc596 y Xwmc9) están co-localizados con el gen/QTL de resistencia a sequía y pueden ser utilizados para la selección asistida por marcadores moleculares.
With the aim to study the genetic resistance to drought and validate molecular markers co-localized with genes/QTLs for this factor, 16 varieties were evaluated as well as advanced lines of wheat meal (Triticum aestivum) in two stages of crop development. Physiological parameters were considered: amount of chlorophyll (clo), wilting or severity degree (SEV) and recovery (reco), morphological parameters: foliage dry matter (FDM) and root dry matter (RDM), the integrated resistance mechanisms: water use efficiency (WUE), other parameters: number of grains (Ngrain) and grain weight (Wgrain), biochemical parameters: Catalaza (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (POX) and three microsatellite markers (Xwmc603, Xwmc596, Xwmc9). Results showed significant differences for MSR and Ngrain. It was observed that Anzaldo, ERR2V.L-20, EARII2V.L-5, EARIZV.L-11, ERR2V.L-11 and EE2V.L-19 were the most resistant to drough water stress. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the MSR and Ngrain. All other variables showed low and non-significant correlations. In biochemical analyzes, the Anzaldo variety showed an increased enzymatic activity compared to controls in all cases (CAT-APX and POX), being the most resistant to water stress by drought. Finally, it was found that SSR markers (Xwmc596 and Xwmc9) are co-located with the gene / QTL of drought resistance and can be used for marker-assisted selection.
With the aim to study the genetic resistance to drought and validate molecular markers co-localized with genes/QTLs for this factor, 16 varieties were evaluated as well as advanced lines of wheat meal (Triticum aestivum) in two stages of crop development. Physiological parameters were considered: amount of chlorophyll (clo), wilting or severity degree (SEV) and recovery (reco), morphological parameters: foliage dry matter (FDM) and root dry matter (RDM), the integrated resistance mechanisms: water use efficiency (WUE), other parameters: number of grains (Ngrain) and grain weight (Wgrain), biochemical parameters: Catalaza (CAT), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Guaiacol Peroxidase (POX) and three microsatellite markers (Xwmc603, Xwmc596, Xwmc9). Results showed significant differences for MSR and Ngrain. It was observed that Anzaldo, ERR2V.L-20, EARII2V.L-5, EARIZV.L-11, ERR2V.L-11 and EE2V.L-19 were the most resistant to drough water stress. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the MSR and Ngrain. All other variables showed low and non-significant correlations. In biochemical analyzes, the Anzaldo variety showed an increased enzymatic activity compared to controls in all cases (CAT-APX and POX), being the most resistant to water stress by drought. Finally, it was found that SSR markers (Xwmc596 and Xwmc9) are co-located with the gene / QTL of drought resistance and can be used for marker-assisted selection.
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Vol. 4, No. 1