piRNAs and PIWI -like proteins in Multiple Myeloma and their future as biomarkers and therapy targets

Abstract

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and one of the 19 most frequent types of cancer. Its diagnosis is a challenge due to the low rate of disease recognition, and diagnosis delays lead to the characteristic end-organ damage of the disease. New approaches to tackle that diagnosis challenge are required. Emerging evidence shows that Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA) promote increased methylation in MM cells. In this analysis, we delve into the latest discoveries surrounding piRNA biogenesis and functions, offering fresh perspectives on the possible uses of piRNAs in detection and diagnosis in MM. piRNA-823 increases in MM cells and positively correlates with the disease stage. Its tumorigenic actions in MM relate to intercellular communication between MM and vein endothelial cells. These findings provide the necessary information to highlight the possible role of piRNA-823 as a biomarker for MM diagnosis.