Métodos de recolección y tratamiento de semilla de salqa o q'ila-q'ila (Lupinus spp.)
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Abstract
Las leguminosas nativas del Altiplano (q'ila-q'ila o salqa) ofrecen buenas opciones en el agro ecosistema de la quinua, puesto las experiencias previas mostraron sus bondades en la producción de abono verde, fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico y cobertura del suelo. La disponibilidad de semilla de estas especies constituye la limitante para el escalamiento de la experiencia. Por tanto, se ha planteado investigar los métodos de recolección de semilla de las leguminosas nativas adoptando el método de investigación descriptiva y explicativa. Los resultados se traducen en desarrollo de métodos de recolección de semilla en campos naturales, pudiendo optarse por la cosecha de vainas, cosecha de racimos y recolección de semilla derramada al suelo dependiendo de las características morfológicas y anatómicas de los ecotipos, características de suelo en el sitio de colecta y la eficiencia deseada de colecta semilla. La trilla y limpieza de semilla es factible mediante métodos manuales o con empleo equipo mecánico ajustado para tal fin. La investigación ha mostrado que la dormancia de semilla de la q'ila-q'ila es compleja, dependiendo del grado de deshidratación y la dureza de la testa, lo cual ha conducido a desarrollar métodos de tratamiento de semilla basado en la escarificación que permitieron alcanzar entre 60 y 86% de germinación.
The native legumes of the highland (q'ila-q'ila or salqa) offer good options in the agro-ecosystem of quinoa, since previous experiences showed their benefits in the production of green manure, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and soil cover. The availability of seed of these species constitutes the limitation for the scaling of the experience. Therefore, it has been proposed to investigate the methods of seed collection of native legumes adopting the method of descriptive and explanatory research. The results translate into the development of methods for collecting seeds in natural fields, being able to get for the pod harvesting, harvesting of bunches and collection of spilled seed to the soil depending on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the ecotypes, soil characteristics in the collection site and the desired efficiency of seed collection. Seed threshing and cleaning is feasible by manual methods or by using mechanical equipment adjusted forthat purpose. Research has shown that seed dormancy of the q'ila-q'ila is complex, depending on the degree of dehydration and the hardness of the seed coat, which has led to the development of seed treatment methods based on scarification that allowed to reach between 60 and 86% germination.
The native legumes of the highland (q'ila-q'ila or salqa) offer good options in the agro-ecosystem of quinoa, since previous experiences showed their benefits in the production of green manure, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and soil cover. The availability of seed of these species constitutes the limitation for the scaling of the experience. Therefore, it has been proposed to investigate the methods of seed collection of native legumes adopting the method of descriptive and explanatory research. The results translate into the development of methods for collecting seeds in natural fields, being able to get for the pod harvesting, harvesting of bunches and collection of spilled seed to the soil depending on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the ecotypes, soil characteristics in the collection site and the desired efficiency of seed collection. Seed threshing and cleaning is feasible by manual methods or by using mechanical equipment adjusted forthat purpose. Research has shown that seed dormancy of the q'ila-q'ila is complex, depending on the degree of dehydration and the hardness of the seed coat, which has led to the development of seed treatment methods based on scarification that allowed to reach between 60 and 86% germination.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 2