Pesquisa de lesiones de cuello uterino por citología en población femenina del área rural de los Distritos Sanitarios Lagunillas y El Vigía del Estado Mérida

Abstract

espanolCon el proposito de determinar la incidencia de lesiones de cuello uterino en poblacion femenina del area rural (Lagunillas y El Vigia, Estado Merida, Venezuela), se realizo toma de muestras citologicas en 256 pacientes, con aplicacion de una encuesta socio - sanitaria. El promedio de edad de las pacientes fue de 30 anos, de las cuales 47.2% co rrespondio a casadas, 73 % presento grado de educacion bajo; 77.6% ingreso mensual menor de cinco mil bolivares, predominando corno ocupacion oficios del hogar. La actividad sexual tiende a ser precoz, con promedio de 17.4 anos; el 75.4% informo sobre un s olo companero sexual, 74.8% de uso de algun metodo anticonceptivo y 45.3% de multiparidad. La actividad se realizo basicamente en consultas de planificacion familiar en las que la sintomatologia mas frecuente fue el flujo vaginal. Los reportes citologicos revelaron diversa patologia cervico - uterina con predominio de los patogenos Candida, Gardnerella y Tricomona, ademas, cuatro casos de neoplasia intra - cervical, en edades comprendidas entre 23 y 53 anos. Este hallazgo demuestra la necesidad de instituir la pesquisa corno rutina dentro de las acciones preventivas que se cumplen en las instituciones de salud del area rural EnglishIn order to determine tile incidence of cervical uterine lesions among women of childbearing age in rural areas (Lagunillas and El Vigia, Merida State, Venezuela), a health and social survey was taken of 256 patients, who also provided cytological smears. The average age of the patients in the survey was 30 years, 47.2% were married and 73% had little educatio n; 77.6% had incomes of less than Bs. 5.000 (US$ 100) per month and most of them were housewives. Sexual activity began early, 17.4 years of age being tile average. The 75.4% had only one sexual partner; 74.8% used some birth - control method and 45.3% were multiparous. These figures were mostly obtained in family planning appointments where it was found that the commonest gynecological symptom was vaginal leucorrhoea. The cytological reports revealed several cervical uterine diseases, with Candida, Gardnerel la and Trichomona predominating. There were four cases of intracervical neoplasma in patients between 23 and to 53 years of age. The finding underlines the need for check - ups to be a routine part of preventive medicine in a rural setting.