Evaluación de Activadores Naturales para Acelerar el Proceso de Compostaje de Residuos Orgánicos en el Municipio de Quillacollo
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
En el Municipio Quillacollo alcanza a 60 t d-1 de residuos urbanos siendo orgánico el 72,8%. Estos no reciben tratamiento alguno, por eso se planteó el realizar diferentes tratamientos, en el Vivero Municipal de Quillacollo, implementándose como sigue T1=activador TC (té de compost y fermento de estiércol), T2=activador BC (harina de hueso, torta de soya, salvado de arroz, melaza y biol), T3=activador LC (levadura y melaza), T4=activador EM (microorganismos efectivos), T5=Testigo 1 (estiércol de vaca), T6=Testigo 2 y T7=Testigo 3 (pila a la intemperie). Los resultados mostraron que los activadores favorecen al incremento de la temperatura en periodo corto. La cubierta de plástico (T1-T6) mantuvo la humedad constante en las pilas de compostaje, protegiéndolas de las altas precipitaciones y evitando la lixiviación de nutrientes. A los 2,5 meses, los tratamientos que lograron descomponer más del 50 % del volumen inicial fueron T1 (57 %) y T5 (52 %), donde T1 redujo el 84 % del volumen inicial. Las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del compost procesado, fueron calificados de óptima calidad, porque favorecieron el normal crecimiento de la planta, lo cual se verificó con un bioensayo. El análisis económico, indicó que los tratamientos con mayor beneficio neto fueron T1 (137.5 Bs), T7 (110,6 Bs), T6 (105,6 Bs), T3 (72,6 Bs) y T5 (29,8 Bs). Por tanto, el activador TC se constituye en el mejor activador orgánico que acelera el proceso de compostaje, generando los mayores beneficios económicos.
In the municipality Quillacollo reaches 60 t d-1 organic urban waste being 72.8%. They receive no treatment, so they raised the performing different treatments, in the Municipal Nursery Quillacollo, implemented as follows T1=activating TC (compost tea and ferment manure), T2 = activator BC (bone meal, cake soybeans, rice bran, molasses and biological), T3 = activator LC (yeast and molasses), T4 = activator EM (effective microorganisms), T5 = Witness 1 (cow dung), T6 = Witness 2 and T7 = Control 3 (pile outdoors). The results showed that activators favor the increase in temperature in short period. The plástic cover (T1-T6) kept constant moisture in compost piles, protecting high rainfall and preventing nutrient leaching. At 2.5 months, they managed to break treatments that more than 50% of the initial volume were T1 (57%) and T5 (52%), where T1 reduced 84% of the initial volume. The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the processed compost, were rated the highest quality, because they favored the normal growth of the plant, which was verified with a bioassay. Economic analysis indicated that the treatments were T1 higher net profit (137.5 B), T7 (110.6 B), T6 (105.6 B), T3 (72.6 B) and T5 (29.8 Bs) . Therefore, the TC activator becomes the best organic activator that accelerates the composting process, generating greater economic benefits.
In the municipality Quillacollo reaches 60 t d-1 organic urban waste being 72.8%. They receive no treatment, so they raised the performing different treatments, in the Municipal Nursery Quillacollo, implemented as follows T1=activating TC (compost tea and ferment manure), T2 = activator BC (bone meal, cake soybeans, rice bran, molasses and biological), T3 = activator LC (yeast and molasses), T4 = activator EM (effective microorganisms), T5 = Witness 1 (cow dung), T6 = Witness 2 and T7 = Control 3 (pile outdoors). The results showed that activators favor the increase in temperature in short period. The plástic cover (T1-T6) kept constant moisture in compost piles, protecting high rainfall and preventing nutrient leaching. At 2.5 months, they managed to break treatments that more than 50% of the initial volume were T1 (57%) and T5 (52%), where T1 reduced 84% of the initial volume. The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the processed compost, were rated the highest quality, because they favored the normal growth of the plant, which was verified with a bioassay. Economic analysis indicated that the treatments were T1 higher net profit (137.5 B), T7 (110.6 B), T6 (105.6 B), T3 (72.6 B) and T5 (29.8 Bs) . Therefore, the TC activator becomes the best organic activator that accelerates the composting process, generating greater economic benefits.
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Vol. 7, No. 4