Aplicación de activadores biológicos en dos tipos de compostaje para la degradación de residuos orgánicos, Carmen Pampa, Coroico - Bolivia
Date
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
RevActaNova.
Abstract
Resumen: Uno de los problemas que actualmente se suscitan en centros urbanos y rurales es la generación de basuras domésticas de un 80%. En el Municipio de Coroico hasta la fecha operativamente no cuenta con sistemas de descomposición el cual genera efectos negativos en el medio ambiente. Razón por la cual es necesario buscar alternativas de reutilización de basuras orgánicas. Es en ese sentido, el [Objetivo]: del trabajo fue evaluar la aplicación de activadores biológicos (yogurt, levadura) y un control (testigo) para acelerar la biodegradación de residuos orgánicos (restos de cocina, aserrín, cogollos de plátano, rastrojos vegetales y estiércol de cerdo) a través de dos métodos de compostaje en cajón y en pila en la descomposición. [Metodología] Se emplearon dos tipos de compostera (cajón y pila) a los cuales se adicionó desechos orgánicos. A cada uno de ellos, se agregó activadores biológicos (yogurt y levadura) y un control. El diseño aplicado fue DBA con arreglo bifactorial, con tres repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas son: temperatura y pH del sustrato, descenso del sustrato y porcentaje de descomposición. [Resultados]: La temperatura del sustrato por efecto de los activadores de yogurt y levadura se incrementó a 60ºC con relación al control. El pH y la altura del sustrato presentaron un similar comportamiento entre activadores no ocurriendo lo mismo con el control. Al cabo de 90 días, los dos tipos de activadores fueron más eficientes en la descomposición del compost en 93% y 94% que sin estos (56%). [Conclusión] La descomposición de restos orgánicos fue efectiva por la aplicación de los activadores (yogurt y levadura) que, en ausencia de estos, y el tipo de compostera cajón fue la más efectiva en la descomposición.
Abstract: One of the problems that currently arise in urban and rural centers is the generation of 80% domestic waste. In the Municipality of Coroico, to date, it does not have operational decomposition systems, which generate negative effects on the environment. Reason why it is necessary to look for alternatives for the reuse of organic waste. In this sense, the [Objective]: of the work was to evaluate the application of biological activators (yogurt, yeast) and a control (control) to accelerate the biodegradation of organic waste (kitchen scraps, sawdust, banana buds, vegetable stubble and pig manure) through two methods of composting in bin and pile in decomposition. [Methodology] Two types of compost bins (drawer and pile) were used, to which organic waste was added. Biological activators (yogurt and yeast) and a control were added to each of them. The applied design was DBA with bifactorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The variables evaluated are: temperature and pH of the substrate, decrease in the substrate and percentage of decomposition. [Results]: The temperature of the substrate due to the effect of the yogurt and yeast activators increased to 60ºC in relation to the control. The pH and the height of the substrate presented a similar behavior between activators, but the same did not occur with the control. After 90 days, the two types of activators were 93% and 94% more efficient in compost decomposition than without them (56%). [Conclusion] The decomposition of organic remains was effective by the application of activators (yogurt and yeast) which, in the absence of these, and the type of drawer composter was the most effective in decomposition.
Abstract: One of the problems that currently arise in urban and rural centers is the generation of 80% domestic waste. In the Municipality of Coroico, to date, it does not have operational decomposition systems, which generate negative effects on the environment. Reason why it is necessary to look for alternatives for the reuse of organic waste. In this sense, the [Objective]: of the work was to evaluate the application of biological activators (yogurt, yeast) and a control (control) to accelerate the biodegradation of organic waste (kitchen scraps, sawdust, banana buds, vegetable stubble and pig manure) through two methods of composting in bin and pile in decomposition. [Methodology] Two types of compost bins (drawer and pile) were used, to which organic waste was added. Biological activators (yogurt and yeast) and a control were added to each of them. The applied design was DBA with bifactorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The variables evaluated are: temperature and pH of the substrate, decrease in the substrate and percentage of decomposition. [Results]: The temperature of the substrate due to the effect of the yogurt and yeast activators increased to 60ºC in relation to the control. The pH and the height of the substrate presented a similar behavior between activators, but the same did not occur with the control. After 90 days, the two types of activators were 93% and 94% more efficient in compost decomposition than without them (56%). [Conclusion] The decomposition of organic remains was effective by the application of activators (yogurt and yeast) which, in the absence of these, and the type of drawer composter was the most effective in decomposition.
Description
Vol. 10, No. 3