La lectura literaria en sexto año básico: una revisión de los objetivos de aprendizaje de la asignatura de Lenguaje y Comunicación
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Rev. aportes de la comunicación
Abstract
Este artículo muestra los resultados del análisis del currículum de sexto año básico de la asignatura Lenguaje y Comunicación mediante los marcos teóricos de la educación literaria. Para ello, se examinaron los objetivos de aprendizaje establecidos para el eje de lectura, teniendo en cuenta las diez dimensiones del saber literario planteadas por Martina Fittipaldi (2013). Se trata de un estudio cualitativo que surge de los planteamientos de la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. La relevancia de este estudio está estrechamente relacionada con la importancia socioeducativa de la formación lectora, siendo la escuela uno de los lugares destinados por su desarrollo. El análisis de las formas en que se lleva a cabo la educación literaria mediante la lectura en los objetivos de aprendizaje contribuye, por una parte, a comprender la idea formativa y abordaje en relación con la lectura literaria prescrita en la propuesta curricular chilena, y, por otra, a establecer las relaciones entre los modos de adquisición de hábitos y pautas de lectura en el estudiantado en relación con los aprendizajes necesarios para una educación literaria. Los hallazgos obtenidos evidenciaron que, los objetivos de aprendizaje de lectura -aunque se relacionen con la educación literaria- se enfocan en la exploración del significado del texto, la interpretación del lenguaje literario y en la adquisición de habilidades de comprensión lectora, tales como localizar, interpretar, relacionar y reflexionar, predominando las modalidades de lectura más relacionadas con la decodificación y comprensión. Esto indica una carencia de experiencias de lectura dialogadas, interpretativas y críticas, así como también de aprendizaje de temas, como la producción cultural y material de la literatura.
This article shows the results of the analysis of the 6th grade curriculum of the subject Language and Communication through the theoretical frameworks of literary education. For this purpose, the learning objectives established for the reading axis were examined, taking into account the ten dimensions of literary knowledge proposed by Martina Fittipaldi (2013). This is a qualitative study that arises from the approaches of the Didactics of Language and Literature. The relevance of this study is closely related to the socio-educational importance of reading education, being the school one of the places destined for its development. The analysis of the ways in which literary education is carried out through reading in the learning objectives contributes, on the one hand, to understand the formative idea and approach in relation to literary reading prescribed in the Chilean curricular proposal, and, on the other hand, to establish the relationships between the ways of acquiring reading habits and patterns in the student body in relation to the learning necessary for a literary education. The findings showed that, although related to literary education, reading learning objectives focus on the exploration of the meaning of the text, the interpretation of literary language and the acquisition of reading comprehension skills, such as locating, interpreting, relating and reflecting, with a predominance of reading modalities more related to decoding and comprehension. This indicates a lack of dialogic, interpretative and critical reading experiences, as well as of learning about topics such as cultural and material production of literature.
This article shows the results of the analysis of the 6th grade curriculum of the subject Language and Communication through the theoretical frameworks of literary education. For this purpose, the learning objectives established for the reading axis were examined, taking into account the ten dimensions of literary knowledge proposed by Martina Fittipaldi (2013). This is a qualitative study that arises from the approaches of the Didactics of Language and Literature. The relevance of this study is closely related to the socio-educational importance of reading education, being the school one of the places destined for its development. The analysis of the ways in which literary education is carried out through reading in the learning objectives contributes, on the one hand, to understand the formative idea and approach in relation to literary reading prescribed in the Chilean curricular proposal, and, on the other hand, to establish the relationships between the ways of acquiring reading habits and patterns in the student body in relation to the learning necessary for a literary education. The findings showed that, although related to literary education, reading learning objectives focus on the exploration of the meaning of the text, the interpretation of literary language and the acquisition of reading comprehension skills, such as locating, interpreting, relating and reflecting, with a predominance of reading modalities more related to decoding and comprehension. This indicates a lack of dialogic, interpretative and critical reading experiences, as well as of learning about topics such as cultural and material production of literature.
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No. 35