Entomofauna asociada a la polinización del cultivo de cacao nativo, San Ignacio Moxos, Beni, Bolivia
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Abstract
El cacao Teobroma cacao L., utilizado principalmente para la obtención del chocolate, es un cultivo perenne que se caracteriza por ser una planta que crece bajo sombra, originario de Sud América (Bolivia, Perú y Ecuador), siendo nuestro país, parte de la biodiversidad genética del cacao, establecidos y cultivados en las riberas altas de bosques húmedos de la Amazonía boliviana (La Paz, Beni, Pando, Cochabamba y Santa Cruz). El objetivo es conocer la entomofauna asociada a la polinización del cultivo de cacao nativo San Ignacio Moxos, comunidad Santa Rosa del Apere, los muestreos entomológicos se realizaron con observaciones directas sobre flores, hojarascas y suelo vegetal, además, colectas de especímenes con trampas amarillas de agua, en sistema de cultivo de manejo agroforestal (SAF) y sistema de manejo silvestre (SMS). Los especímenes colectados llevados para su identificación taxonómica a los laboratorios del IIA El Vallecito. Como resultado, se registra el 53 % individuos del SAF y el 47 % de individuos son del SMS, contenidas en 38 familias que corresponden a grupos de depredadores, parasitoides, descomponedores y polinizadores, y con 16 familias de insectos fitófagos. Los insectos asociados a la polinización del cacao, son parte de los recursos naturales biodiversos en las estribaciones del área protegida TIPNIS y con los resultados se puedan coadyuvar a sensibilizar a la sociedad y sus habitantes, a respetar y conservar estos ecosistemas mega biodiversos frente al cambio climático.
Cacao Teobroma cacao L., mainly used to obtain chocolate, is a perennial crop characterized by being a plant that grows under shade, native to South America (Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador), being our country, part of the genetic biodiversity of cocoa, established and cultivated in the high banks of humid forests of the Bolivian Amazon (La Paz, Beni, Pando, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). The objective is to know the entomofauna associated with the pollination of the native cocoa crop San Ignacio Moxos, Santa Rosa del Apere community, entomological sampling was carried out with direct observations on flowers, leaves and soil, in addition, specimen collection with yellow water traps, in agroforestry management system (SAF) and wild management system (SMS). The collected specimens were taken for taxonomic identification to the laboratories of IIA El Vallecito. As a result, 53% of the individuals of the SAF and 47% of the individuals are from the SMS, contained in 38 families that correspond to groups of predators, parasitoids, decomposers and pollinators, and 16 families of phytophagous insects. The insects associated with cocoa pollination are part of the biodiverse natural resources in the foothills of the TIPNIS protected area and the results can help raise awareness in society and its inhabitants to respect and conserve these mega-biodiverse ecosystems in the face of climate change.
Cacao Teobroma cacao L., mainly used to obtain chocolate, is a perennial crop characterized by being a plant that grows under shade, native to South America (Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador), being our country, part of the genetic biodiversity of cocoa, established and cultivated in the high banks of humid forests of the Bolivian Amazon (La Paz, Beni, Pando, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). The objective is to know the entomofauna associated with the pollination of the native cocoa crop San Ignacio Moxos, Santa Rosa del Apere community, entomological sampling was carried out with direct observations on flowers, leaves and soil, in addition, specimen collection with yellow water traps, in agroforestry management system (SAF) and wild management system (SMS). The collected specimens were taken for taxonomic identification to the laboratories of IIA El Vallecito. As a result, 53% of the individuals of the SAF and 47% of the individuals are from the SMS, contained in 38 families that correspond to groups of predators, parasitoids, decomposers and pollinators, and 16 families of phytophagous insects. The insects associated with cocoa pollination are part of the biodiverse natural resources in the foothills of the TIPNIS protected area and the results can help raise awareness in society and its inhabitants to respect and conserve these mega-biodiverse ecosystems in the face of climate change.
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Vol. 11, No. 3