Oportunidades educativas en Bolivia: desigualdades persistentes y caminos hacia la equidad (2011-2021)
Abstract
Este estudio analiza la desigualdad de oportunidades en acceso a educación para la población entre 6 y 17 años de Bolivia. Se evalúa el nivel de igualdad de oportunidades educativas a través del Índice de Oportunidades Humanas, que mide la tasa de cobertura de la oportunidad descontado por el Índice de Disimilitud, es decir, la fracción de oportunidades que necesitaría ser redistribuida para lograr igualdad de oportunidades. Estas aproximaciones se descomponen en base a sus contribuciones marginales utilizando la descomposición Shapley Los resultados a partir de las Encuestas de Hogares 2011-2021 revelan que la matriculación y asistencia oportuna evidencian mayores niveles de igualdad, y la libertad de obligaciones experimenta menores niveles. La descomposición de Shapley destaca la relevancia de factores como la ubicación geográfica y el nivel educativo de los padres en el acceso a la educación. Aunque se observan mejoras en los índices de oportunidad durante el periodo de análisis, persisten desafíos evidenciados por el Índice de Disimilitud. También se evidencia que los colegios privados han experimentado mejoras en los índices de oportunidades. Además, el estudio revela una mayor brecha de oportunidades en las zonas rurales que en las urbanas.
This study analyzes the inequality of opportunities in access to education for the population between 6 and 17 years of age in Bolivia. It evaluates the level of equality of educational opportunities through the Human Opportunity Index, which measures the opportunity coverage rate discounted by the dissimilarity index, that is, the fraction of opportunities that would need to be redistributed to achieve equality of opportunity We decompose these approximations based on their marginal contributions using the Shapley decomposition. The results from the 2011-2021 Household Surveys reveal that timely enrollment and attendance evidence higher levels of equality and freedom from obligations experience lower levels. Shapley's decomposition highlights the relevance of factors such as geographic location and parental education level in access to education. Although improvements in opportunity indices are observed during the period of analysis, challenges persist as evidenced by the Dissimilarity Index. It is also evident that private schools have experienced improvements in the opportunity indexes. In addition, the study reveals a larger opportunity gap in rural areas than in urban areas.
This study analyzes the inequality of opportunities in access to education for the population between 6 and 17 years of age in Bolivia. It evaluates the level of equality of educational opportunities through the Human Opportunity Index, which measures the opportunity coverage rate discounted by the dissimilarity index, that is, the fraction of opportunities that would need to be redistributed to achieve equality of opportunity We decompose these approximations based on their marginal contributions using the Shapley decomposition. The results from the 2011-2021 Household Surveys reveal that timely enrollment and attendance evidence higher levels of equality and freedom from obligations experience lower levels. Shapley's decomposition highlights the relevance of factors such as geographic location and parental education level in access to education. Although improvements in opportunity indices are observed during the period of analysis, challenges persist as evidenced by the Dissimilarity Index. It is also evident that private schools have experienced improvements in the opportunity indexes. In addition, the study reveals a larger opportunity gap in rural areas than in urban areas.
Description
No. 41