Control de bajas temperaturas mediante el riego por aspersión fijo en el Altiplano Central de Bolivia
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En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado el control de bajas temperaturas mediante el riego por aspersión ERA (efecto de riego por aspersión) y el efecto debido a la humedad de una parcela irrigada un día antes por riego por aspersión ESH (efecto de suelo húmedo). Se han realizado veintidós ensayos, a una intensidad de riego de 5 mm h-¹, presión de funcionamiento de 200 kPa y el solapamiento entre aspersores de 12x12 m². Se han instalado sensores de temperatura-humedad relativa a nivel espacial y a tres alturas sobre el nivel del suelo (0,1; 0,25; 0,5 y 1,0 m). Estos ensayos estuvieron sometidos a diferentes intensidades y tiempos de exposición de heladas en la época más fría. Para el cálculo de la lámina de riego se utilizó el modelo propuesto por Gerber y Martsolf (1979) y la aproximación realizada por Campbell y Norman (1998), para una helada de radiación. Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas en la Estación Experimental de Patacamaya de la Facultad de agronomía de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Los resultados muestran que a los tiempos de exposición de heladas de 0 a 3; 3 a 6; 6 a 9 y mayores a 9 horas muestran un incremento en la temperatura (AT°) de: 1,2 °C; 1,4 a 2°C; 1,2 a 5 °C y 1,1 a 2 °C respectivamente para el ERA. Los incrementos en la humedad relativa (AHR) fueron de: 12%; 7 a 26%; 16 a 35% y 18 a 32 % respectivamente. Es así que el incremento de temperatura (AT°) para todos los ensayos realizados debido al ERA van desde 1 a 5 °C y en cuanto al incremento de la humedad relativa van desde de 7 a 35%. El incremento de la temperatura debido al ESH, se encuentra en el rango de 0,7 a 1,1 °C y de 12 a 18% para la AHR.
In the present work, it has been evaluated the monitoring of low temperatures by sprinkler irrigation SIE (sprinkler irrigation effect) and humidity effect on the irrigated area when it is applied one day before by sprinkler irrigation EHS (effect humid soils). Therefore, twenty-two essays were performed, with an irrigation rate of 5 mm h-¹, the operation pressure of the system was 200 kPa, and the overlapping among sprinkler was 12 x 12 m². In this studied area temperature and relative humidity sensors were settled at space level and three heights over the soil level (0,1; 0,25; 0,5 and 1,0 m). In order to calculate the depth of irrigation the model proposed by Gerber and Martsolf (1979) and the approach by Campbell and Norman (1998) for radiation frost were used. The evaluations were carried out in the Patacamaya Experimental Station that is dependent of Agronomy Faculty of San Andres University. The results showed that different times exposition to frost events from 0 to 3; 3 to 6; 6 to 9 and higher than 9 hours show an increment of AT° of 1,2 °C; 1,4 to 2°C; 1,2 to 5 °C and 1,1 to 2 °C for SIE respectively. The relative humidity increased (AHR) around 12%; 7 to 26%; 16 to 35% and 18 to 32% respectively. Then, the temperature increased (AT°) for all evaluation due to sprinkler irrigation effect are from 1 to 5 °C and the relative humidity increased are from 7 to 35%. In addition, the temperature increased for the EHS registered a range from 0,7 to 1,1 °C and for AHR was from 12to 18%.
In the present work, it has been evaluated the monitoring of low temperatures by sprinkler irrigation SIE (sprinkler irrigation effect) and humidity effect on the irrigated area when it is applied one day before by sprinkler irrigation EHS (effect humid soils). Therefore, twenty-two essays were performed, with an irrigation rate of 5 mm h-¹, the operation pressure of the system was 200 kPa, and the overlapping among sprinkler was 12 x 12 m². In this studied area temperature and relative humidity sensors were settled at space level and three heights over the soil level (0,1; 0,25; 0,5 and 1,0 m). In order to calculate the depth of irrigation the model proposed by Gerber and Martsolf (1979) and the approach by Campbell and Norman (1998) for radiation frost were used. The evaluations were carried out in the Patacamaya Experimental Station that is dependent of Agronomy Faculty of San Andres University. The results showed that different times exposition to frost events from 0 to 3; 3 to 6; 6 to 9 and higher than 9 hours show an increment of AT° of 1,2 °C; 1,4 to 2°C; 1,2 to 5 °C and 1,1 to 2 °C for SIE respectively. The relative humidity increased (AHR) around 12%; 7 to 26%; 16 to 35% and 18 to 32% respectively. Then, the temperature increased (AT°) for all evaluation due to sprinkler irrigation effect are from 1 to 5 °C and the relative humidity increased are from 7 to 35%. In addition, the temperature increased for the EHS registered a range from 0,7 to 1,1 °C and for AHR was from 12to 18%.
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Vol. 2, No. 1