Los arbustos de la prepuna y su efecto sobre la composición de hierbas en función de la escala espacial
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
Los arbustos de las zonas áridas crean condiciones microclimáticas más favorables bajo sus copas que los espacios abiertos localizados entre arbustos. Varios estudios han documentado la importancia de estos espacios bajo arbustos para el aumento de la diversidad de plantas, pero pocos han estudiado explícitamente la influencia de los arbustos sobre la composición de hierbas de una determinada región. Peor aún, ningún estudio ha abordado esta influencia en función de la escala espacial. En este estudio, hago una comparación entre las comunidades herbáceas de la prepuna asociadas a ambos microhábitats (debajo y fuera de arbustos) en ocho localidades en la estación lluviosa de 2008. Además, evalúo la influencia de la escala espacial sobre la similitud de las comunidades de hierbas de ambos microhábitats. Encontré diferencias en la composición de especies presentes bajo arbustos y fuera de éstos. Varias especies se encontraron exclusivamente asociadas a arbustos. En algunas de las localidades estudiadas (principalmente las de menor altitud), las comunidades bajo arbustos tendieron a parecerse más a las comunidades de espacios abiertos de su propia localidad que a las de arbustos de otras localidades. En las localidades de mayor altitud encontré un patrón más complejo. La escala espacial no modificó las relaciones de similitud entre lugares asociados a arbustos y lugares de suelo abierto, lo que indica que estos tienen diversidades beta parecidas. Los arbustos de la prepuna parecen ser muy importantes para muchas especies de hierbas, lo cual tiene implicaciones en la conservación de la diversidad de esta región andina.
Shrubs in arid regions create more favorable microclimatic conditions beneath their crowns than open, inter-shrub areas. Several studies have documented the importance of these belowshrub spaces for the increase in plant diversity, but few have explicitly studied the influence of shrubs on herb species composition in a given region. Even worse, no studies have addressed this influence in terms of the spatial scale. In this study I compare prepuna herb communities between both microhabitats (below and away from shrubs) at eight localities in the rainy season of 2008. Moreover, I assess the influence of spatial scale on the similarity of herb communities of both microhabitats. I found differences in the species composition established beneath shrubs and in the open. Several species were found exclusively associated to shrubs. In some localities (especially those located at the lowest altitudes), under-shrub communities tended to resemble more the open-space communities of their own locality than under-shrub communities of other localities. In the highest-altitude localities I found a more complex pattern. Spatial scale did not modify the similarity relations between sites associated with shrubs and those in the open, which suggests similar beta diversities for both microhabitats. Prepuna shrubs seem to be very important for many herb species. This has implications in terms of biodiversity conservation in this Andean region.
Shrubs in arid regions create more favorable microclimatic conditions beneath their crowns than open, inter-shrub areas. Several studies have documented the importance of these belowshrub spaces for the increase in plant diversity, but few have explicitly studied the influence of shrubs on herb species composition in a given region. Even worse, no studies have addressed this influence in terms of the spatial scale. In this study I compare prepuna herb communities between both microhabitats (below and away from shrubs) at eight localities in the rainy season of 2008. Moreover, I assess the influence of spatial scale on the similarity of herb communities of both microhabitats. I found differences in the species composition established beneath shrubs and in the open. Several species were found exclusively associated to shrubs. In some localities (especially those located at the lowest altitudes), under-shrub communities tended to resemble more the open-space communities of their own locality than under-shrub communities of other localities. In the highest-altitude localities I found a more complex pattern. Spatial scale did not modify the similarity relations between sites associated with shrubs and those in the open, which suggests similar beta diversities for both microhabitats. Prepuna shrubs seem to be very important for many herb species. This has implications in terms of biodiversity conservation in this Andean region.
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Vol. 44, No. 1