El cambio recíproco entre los aymaras
Abstract
El artículo analiza las relaciones recíprocas entre los aymaras del altiplano boliviano, como un aspecto complementario a la economía de mercado, teniendo en cuenta las teorías sobre el intercambio de dones y la reciprocidad. Especialmente se aborda la relación del ayni -intercambio recíproco caracterizado por la contraprestación equivalente-, tanto en la vida cotidiana (ayni laboral) como en las fiestas (ayni festivo), con base en los datos etnográficos, obtenidos a partir de investigaciones de campo. Se revela que estas dos fases del ayni se construyen mutuamente, y que en el sistema de mercado de las ciudades también está incorporada esta forma de relación recíproca, bajo la figura de la casera.
This article analyzes the reciprocal relationships among the Aymara people of the Bolivian highland, as a complement to the market economy, taking into consideration the theories of gift-exchange and reciprocity. In particular, this paper examines the Ayni relationship -reciprocal exchange, characterized by equivalent consideration-, in both real and festive life, based on ethnographic data obtained through field research. This study reveals that these two phases of ayni are constructed mutually, and also that the reciprocal relationship is incorporated into the market economy in complementary way. According to the concepts of Polanyi, reciprocity like ayni appears simultaneously with exchange as a market monetary system, in contemporary Bolivian society.
This article analyzes the reciprocal relationships among the Aymara people of the Bolivian highland, as a complement to the market economy, taking into consideration the theories of gift-exchange and reciprocity. In particular, this paper examines the Ayni relationship -reciprocal exchange, characterized by equivalent consideration-, in both real and festive life, based on ethnographic data obtained through field research. This study reveals that these two phases of ayni are constructed mutually, and also that the reciprocal relationship is incorporated into the market economy in complementary way. According to the concepts of Polanyi, reciprocity like ayni appears simultaneously with exchange as a market monetary system, in contemporary Bolivian society.
Description
Vol. 20, No. 37