Curvas IDF para la estación meteorológica de Viacha, departamento de La Paz
Abstract
La mayoría de las estaciones meteorológicas en el país no cuentan con información de datos pluviómetros como tampoco de datos de pluviógrafos. El problema es recurrente al no contar con las intensidades de las precipitaciones, porque estos datos son esenciales para el diseño de diferentes tipos de obras hidráulicas, carreteras, sistemas de riego, etc. Por esta razón, el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es determinar las curvas IDF (intensidad, duración y frecuencia) a partir de datos de precipitación obtenidas de pluviómetros. El trabajo se desarrolló en la Estación Metereológica de Viacha que se encuentra en el municipio de Viacha, provincia Ingavi, del departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Para cumplir el objetivo, se utilizó el enfoque de la investigación cuantitativa, siendo el procedimiento el siguiente: recolección de los datos de precipitación, estimación de datos faltantes, análisis de precipitación anual y mensual, estimación de los parámetros del modelo y obtención de las curvas IDF. En base al análisis de las precipitaciones se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: la precipitación promedio anual en la Estación fue de 573.29 ± 158.90 mm, con un valor mínimo de 361.30 mm y un valor máximo de 1108.90 mm. El 52.67% de las lluvias ocurren en los meses de enero, febrero y marzo. Mediante el análisis estadístico se pudo comprobar que la precipitación mensual de la Estación está altamente correlacionado con la de Choquenaira; con la discretización de las lluvias se obtuvieron las constantes de las curvas IDF, k = 21.142; m = 0,456 y n = 0.401; con estos parámetros se encontraron las curvas para periodos de retorno de 1 año, 5, 10, 25, 50 y 100 años.
The majority of the meteorological stations in the country do not have rain gauge data information as well as rain gauge data. The problem is recurrent in not having the intensities of rainfall, because these data are essential for the design of different types of hydraulic works, roads, irrigation systems, etc. For this reason, the objective of this research work is to determine the IDF curves (intensity, duration and frequency) from rainfall data obtained from rain gauges.Theworkwascarried out at the Viacha Meteorological Station, located inthe municipality of Viacha, province of Ingavi, La Paz city, Bolivia. To fulfill the objective, the quantitative research approach was used, the procedure being the following: collection of precipitation data, estimation of missing data, analysis of annual and monthly precipitation, estimation of model parameters and obtaining of curves IDF. Based on the analysis of rainfall, the following results were obtained: the average annual precipitation at the Station was 573.29 ± 158.90 mm, with a minimum value of 361.30 mm and a maximum value of 1108.90 mm. 52.67% of the rains occur in the months of January, February and March. By means of the statistical analysis it was possible to verify that the monthly precipitation of the Station is highly correlated with that of Choquenaira; with the discretization of the rains, the constants of the IDF curves were obtained, k = 21.142; m = 0.456 and n = 0.401; with these parameters the curves were found for return periods of 1 year, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.
The majority of the meteorological stations in the country do not have rain gauge data information as well as rain gauge data. The problem is recurrent in not having the intensities of rainfall, because these data are essential for the design of different types of hydraulic works, roads, irrigation systems, etc. For this reason, the objective of this research work is to determine the IDF curves (intensity, duration and frequency) from rainfall data obtained from rain gauges.Theworkwascarried out at the Viacha Meteorological Station, located inthe municipality of Viacha, province of Ingavi, La Paz city, Bolivia. To fulfill the objective, the quantitative research approach was used, the procedure being the following: collection of precipitation data, estimation of missing data, analysis of annual and monthly precipitation, estimation of model parameters and obtaining of curves IDF. Based on the analysis of rainfall, the following results were obtained: the average annual precipitation at the Station was 573.29 ± 158.90 mm, with a minimum value of 361.30 mm and a maximum value of 1108.90 mm. 52.67% of the rains occur in the months of January, February and March. By means of the statistical analysis it was possible to verify that the monthly precipitation of the Station is highly correlated with that of Choquenaira; with the discretization of the rains, the constants of the IDF curves were obtained, k = 21.142; m = 0.456 and n = 0.401; with these parameters the curves were found for return periods of 1 year, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.
Description
Vol. 5, No. 1