Tipificación de productores de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la subregión del Sur de Córdoba en Colombia
Abstract
El cultivo de cacao ha tenido crecimiento a nivel nacional, para el periodo 2014 al 2021 el área cultivada creció en 17 %, la producción lo hizo en el 33 % y los rendimientos en un 0.45 %. Revisando la literatura para el sur del departamento de Córdoba no existe un estudio de caracterización y tipificación de las de productores de cacao. El objetivo fue realizar una caracterización del sistema de producción realizando agrupamiento de unidades productivas para definir de grupos homogéneos que sirvan para planificar la investigación y la producción en general. El método usado fue el descriptivo y la fuente de información fue la encuesta estructurada aplicada a 158 agricultores de los municipios de Valencia, Tierra alta, Montelíbano y Puerto Libertador en el Sur del departamento de Córdoba, Se elaboró una base de datos, cálculo de estadísticas descriptivas como la frecuencia y el porcentaje, además medidas de tendencia central y el uso de técnicas de análisis multivariado con el método de Gower. Los resultados muestran que el promedio de edad es de 57 años, en la mayoría los agricultores son hombres (76.6 %), el máximo nivel de escolaridad es la primaria con el 53 %. Se estableció la presencia de tres grupos de agricultores que comparten características similares con relación al tamaño de predio, área cultivada en cacao, producción por hectárea y nivel tecnológico. Se concluye que el grupo con mayores rendimientos es el dos G2 quien con unidades productivas más pequeñas con 1.10 hectáreas en promedio lo cual se atribuye a un mejor uso de los insumos con nivel tecnológico alto.
Cocoa cultivation has had growth at the national level, for the period 2014 to 2021 the cultivated area grew by 17 %, production did so by 33 % and yields by 0.45 %. Reviewing the literature for the south of the department of Córdoba, there is no study of characterization and typification of those of cocoa producers. The objective was to characterize the production system by grouping productive units to define homogeneous groups that serve to plan research and production in general. The method used was descriptive and the source of information was the structured survey applied to 158 farmers from the municipalities of Valencia, Tierraalta, Montelíbano and Puerto Libertador in the south of the department of Córdoba. A database was prepared, calculation of descriptive statistics. such as frequency and percentage, as well as measures of central tendency and the use of multivariate analysis techniques with the Gower method. The results show that the average age is 57 years, most farmers are men (76.6 %), the highest level of schooling is primary with 53 %. The presence of three groups of farmers who share similar characteristics in relation to the size of the property, area cultivated with cocoa, production per hectare and technological level was established. It is concluded that the group with the highest yields is the two G2 who have smaller productive units with 1.10 hectares on average, which is attributed to a better use of inputs with a high technological level.
Cocoa cultivation has had growth at the national level, for the period 2014 to 2021 the cultivated area grew by 17 %, production did so by 33 % and yields by 0.45 %. Reviewing the literature for the south of the department of Córdoba, there is no study of characterization and typification of those of cocoa producers. The objective was to characterize the production system by grouping productive units to define homogeneous groups that serve to plan research and production in general. The method used was descriptive and the source of information was the structured survey applied to 158 farmers from the municipalities of Valencia, Tierraalta, Montelíbano and Puerto Libertador in the south of the department of Córdoba. A database was prepared, calculation of descriptive statistics. such as frequency and percentage, as well as measures of central tendency and the use of multivariate analysis techniques with the Gower method. The results show that the average age is 57 years, most farmers are men (76.6 %), the highest level of schooling is primary with 53 %. The presence of three groups of farmers who share similar characteristics in relation to the size of the property, area cultivated with cocoa, production per hectare and technological level was established. It is concluded that the group with the highest yields is the two G2 who have smaller productive units with 1.10 hectares on average, which is attributed to a better use of inputs with a high technological level.
Description
Vol. 10, No. 2