Frecuencia de grupos sanguíneos ABO y factor Rh en habitantes de gran altitud (3600 a 4100 m.s.n.m.) La Paz - Bolivia
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Cuad. - Hosp. Clín.
Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de grupos sanguíneos ABO y factor Rh en la población residente de la ciudad La Paz y El Alto. Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de Corte Transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por personas que asistieron al laboratorio de Epidemiologia Clínica residentes de la ciudad de El Alto y La Paz, Bolivia, que participaron en proyectos de la Unidad de Epidemiologia Clínica constituyéndose en base de datos existente con las variables específicas para este estudio cumpliendo criterios de selección. La muestra se constituye en 962 personas mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados para la recolección de datos, la Historia clínica, así como procedimientos pre-analíticos, analíticos y pos-analíticos en hematología. Se determinaron los grupos sanguíneos y factor Rh a través de la reacción de sangre total para la hemoclasificación con los reactivos antisueros monoclonales tipificadores del sistema ABO (anti-A, anti-B) y anti-D para el factor Rh. Resultados: El grupo sanguíneo ABO con mayor frecuencia es el grupo O que corresponde a 73 % (n=704), el grupo A representa el 21% (n=205), el grupo B con 4% (n=40) y el grupo AB da un porcentaje de 1.35% (n=13). El factor Rh (+) fue del 97.61% (n=939) y el factor Rh (-) el 2.39% (n=23) a predominio del grupo "O". Conclusiones: En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo de investigación demuestran que las frecuencias del sistema sanguíneo ABO y Rh en la población de la Paz y El Alto continúa siendo a predominio del grupo "O" con factor Rh positivo en su gran mayoría, destacando la muestra estudiada de 962 personas. La frecuencia en el grupo "A" Rh(+) se incrementa a 21.3%, el grupo "B" a 4.16% y el grupo "AB" 1.35%.
Aims: Determine the frequency of ABO blood groups and Rh factor in the resident population of the La Paz and El Alto cities (altitude 3600 m.s.n.m.) Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population was made up of people who attended the resident Clinical Epidemiology laboratory of the city in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, meeting selection criteria for the design. The sample calculation according to the design is 962. The population was people over 18 years of age and both sexes. Validated instruments were used for data collection, clinical history, as well as pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical procedures in hematology. Blood groups and Rh factor were determined through the whole blood reaction for hemoclasification with monoclonal antisera reagents typing the ABO system (anti-A, anti-B) and anti-D for the Rh factor. Results: The most frequent blood group is group O, which corresponds to 73% N=704, group A represents 21% (N=205), group B with 4 % (N=40) and group AB gives a percentage of 1.35% (N=13). The Rh (+) factor was 97.61% and the Rh (-) factor was 2.39%, with a predominance of group "O" followed by group "A". Conclusion. The results obtained in this research work demonstrate that the frequencies of the ABO and Rh blood system in the population of La Paz and El Alto continue to be predominantly group "O" with positive Rh factor in the vast majority, highlighting the studied sample of 962 people. The frequency in group "A" Rh(+) increases to 21.3%, group "B" to 4.16% and group "AB" 1.35%.
Aims: Determine the frequency of ABO blood groups and Rh factor in the resident population of the La Paz and El Alto cities (altitude 3600 m.s.n.m.) Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population was made up of people who attended the resident Clinical Epidemiology laboratory of the city in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, meeting selection criteria for the design. The sample calculation according to the design is 962. The population was people over 18 years of age and both sexes. Validated instruments were used for data collection, clinical history, as well as pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical procedures in hematology. Blood groups and Rh factor were determined through the whole blood reaction for hemoclasification with monoclonal antisera reagents typing the ABO system (anti-A, anti-B) and anti-D for the Rh factor. Results: The most frequent blood group is group O, which corresponds to 73% N=704, group A represents 21% (N=205), group B with 4 % (N=40) and group AB gives a percentage of 1.35% (N=13). The Rh (+) factor was 97.61% and the Rh (-) factor was 2.39%, with a predominance of group "O" followed by group "A". Conclusion. The results obtained in this research work demonstrate that the frequencies of the ABO and Rh blood system in the population of La Paz and El Alto continue to be predominantly group "O" with positive Rh factor in the vast majority, highlighting the studied sample of 962 people. The frequency in group "A" Rh(+) increases to 21.3%, group "B" to 4.16% and group "AB" 1.35%.
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Vol. 65, No. 2