El tabaquismo y su relación con la terapia periodontal y periimplantar. Revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Smoking is a noncommunicable and addictive chronic disease, with possibilities of treatment and cure. In addition, it is a risk factor that compromises the general welfare of the individual and the oral health. Also, It is a risk factors for periodontal diseases such as the microbiota of the gingival sulcus, diabetes mellitus, stress, genetic factors, viral agents and smoking disease, among others. The latter is capable of perpetuating or aggravating periodontal and periimplant disease, modifying the defensive capacity of neutrophils as well as inhibiting the development of fibroblasts, the production of fibronectin and collagen. In the present article, a review is made on the current concepts of the determinant effect of the disease of smoking as a risk factor in the periodontal and periimplant tissues. A computerized search of literature was performed in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Reviews, Redalyc, Dialnet, Lilacs databases and manual consultation in updated periodontal books. Finally, it is concluded that smoking alters healing and the response to basic and periodontal surgical treatment, as well as affecting the process of osseointegration causing bone loss around dental implants.