Evaluación de la mejora de la calidad biológica de suelos con prácticas de barreras vivas en tres estudios de caso
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
En la zona andina de Bolivia, muchas instituciones han promovido la implementación de diversas prácticas de control de la erosión hídrica del suelo. Una de las prácticas de control de erosión más populares es la implementación de barreras vivas. No obstante el amplio uso de estas técnicas, no existe la suficiente información sobre su eficacia y eficiencia en la recuperación de la calidad biológica de los suelos, la cual está vinculada con los principales servicios ambientales que provee. Se compararon 3 pares de parcelas (con barreras vivas y sin ellas), ubicadas a diferente altitud de la cuenca del río Comarapa. Se realizaron observaciones de calicatas y determinaron indicadores de calidad biológica: respiración del suelo, biomasa microbiana, materia orgánica total y carbono orgánico activo, así como temperatura y humedad edáfica. En todos los casos las barreras vivas fueron eficaces en el control de la erosión, pero también en la recuperación de la calidad biológica del suelo, reflejada a través de la acumulación de materia orgánica total, tasa de respiración heterotrófica y biomasa microbiana del suelo. Esto podría sugerir una recuperación también de los servicios más fundamentales que provee el suelo. El carbono orgánico activo en cambio mostró un comportamiento errático y con una relación pobre con los demás indicadores.
In the Andean region of Bolivia, many institutions have promoted the implementation of various control practices of soil water erosion. One of the most popular techniques of erosion control is the implementation of hedgerows. Despite the widespread use of these techniques, there is insufficient information on its effectiveness and efficiency in the recovery of its biological quality, which is linked to the main environmental services provided by soil. Three pairs of plots (with hedgerows and without them), located at different altitudes of Comarapa river basin were compared. Soil pit observations and indicators of soil quality: soil respiration rate, soil microbial biomass, total soil organic matter and soil organic carbon, as well as soil temperature and moisture were determined. In all cases hedgerows were effective in controlling erosion but also in the recovery of biological soil quality, reflected by the accumulation of total organic matter, heterotrophic respiration rate and soil microbial biomass. This could suggest a recovery also of the most fundamental services provided by the soil. Active organic carbon instead showed erratic behavior and not in line with other indicators.
In the Andean region of Bolivia, many institutions have promoted the implementation of various control practices of soil water erosion. One of the most popular techniques of erosion control is the implementation of hedgerows. Despite the widespread use of these techniques, there is insufficient information on its effectiveness and efficiency in the recovery of its biological quality, which is linked to the main environmental services provided by soil. Three pairs of plots (with hedgerows and without them), located at different altitudes of Comarapa river basin were compared. Soil pit observations and indicators of soil quality: soil respiration rate, soil microbial biomass, total soil organic matter and soil organic carbon, as well as soil temperature and moisture were determined. In all cases hedgerows were effective in controlling erosion but also in the recovery of biological soil quality, reflected by the accumulation of total organic matter, heterotrophic respiration rate and soil microbial biomass. This could suggest a recovery also of the most fundamental services provided by the soil. Active organic carbon instead showed erratic behavior and not in line with other indicators.
Description
Vol. 7, No. 4
Keywords
Calidad biológica, tasa de respiración, biomasa microbiana, carbono orgánico activo, servicios ambientales del suelo, barreras vivas, sistemas agroforestales, Soil biological quality, respiration rate, microbial biomass, active organic carbon, soil environmental services, hedgerows, agroforestry systems