Young Healthcare Workers’ Employment Status and Mental Distress over SARS-CoV-2 in Bolivia

Abstract

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCW) have been particularly affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as it influenced employment conditions and unemployment/insecure employment. Their deterioration is associated with mental distress. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the trajectory of mental distress among HCW graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to their employment status. Methods We compared the change in mental distress over time among recent HCW graduates who were formally employed, to those who were unemployed/insecurely employed during the pandemic. In 2018 and 2022, we prospectively surveyed HCW who were in their final year of study in 2018 in Bolivia. Information was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, employment status, and mental distress. Mental distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations were implemented to examine changes in mental distress over time and the role of employment status in this development. Of the 663 HCW at baseline, 116 could be followed up. Findings Over the course of the pandemic, formal employment after graduation did not change the odds of mental distress (odds ratio (OR)=0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13−6.83]). In contrast, unemployment/insecure employment statistically significantly increased the odds of mental distress (OR=2.10 [CI 1.05−4.24]) over time. Conclusions Especially in countries with limited social support for unemployed/insecurely employed citizens, interventions and policies to prevent mental distress among newly graduated HCW are important. This is particularly relevant in the face of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.