El cambio climático sobre la producción de quinua en el altiplano boliviano y la capacidad de adaptación de los agricultores.
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Abstract
Resumen: El Altiplano Boliviano es un sitio de producción clave para la quinua. La quinua es el único cultivo que puede crecer en estas duras y áridas condiciones climáticas, debido a la mayor tolerancia del cultivo a los suelos secos y salados. Sin embargo, el Altiplano es altamente susceptible al cambio climático y las crecientes condiciones de sequía proyectadas en la región amenazan la resistencia de este cultivo excepcionalmente tolerante. La quinua proporciona la mayor parte de los medios de subsistencia para los pequeños agricultores rurales en el Altiplano. La pérdida de su producción, ha probado tener un profundo efecto sobre el ingreso y el bienestar de los agricultores. Veintiuna comunidades fueron visitadas para la investigación. La mayoría de los agricultores reportaron sufrir los impactos del cambio climático. El incremento de la demanda en el mercado mundial y la presión hacia una producción extensiva también han contribuido a la introducción de métodos de producción insostenibles. Estos incrementan la erosión en el suelo, aumentando la vulnerabilidad de la producción a la sequía, el viento y las heladas. La pérdida de producción de quinua a causa de la sequía es cada vez más común en el Altiplano, y para asegurar la producción sostenible de quinua en el futuro, los recursos apropiados deben ser aprovechados a nivel comunitario. Esto requiere una fuerte dedicación política en favor de los asuntos climáticos en Bolivia, y una distribución de los recursos a nivel local, con énfasis en estrategias de anticipación y estrategias de adaptación de abajo hacia arriba. Se presenta a continuación una recomendación de políticas en seis pasos para tratar de mejorar la capacidad de adaptación de los productores de quinua del Altiplano.
Abstract: The Bolivian Altiplano, is a key production site for quinoa. Quinoa is the only crop that can grow in these harsh arid climatic conditions due to the higher tolerance of the crop for dry and salty soils. This arid highland is, however, highly susceptible to climate change, and the increasing drought conditions projected in the región are threatening the resilience ofeven this exceptionally tolerant crop. 21 communities were visitedfor research purposes, and inmost farmers reported of already suffering from the impactsof climate change. Quinoa provides most ofthe livelihoodsforthe rural small-holder farmers in Altiplano. Losing the production, therefore, have reported to have a profound effect on the income and well-being ofthe farmers. Increasing global market demand ofthe crop and pressure for extensive production have also introduced unsustainable production methods. These are causing further soil erosión, increasing the vulnerability ofthe production to drought, wind and frost. Due to the slow political progress of the mitigation efforts globally, the need for adaptation is becoming unavoidable in Bolivia, and in Altiplano particular. The quinoa producing communities in southern Altiplano are equipped with limited resources and low adaptive capacity. Loss of quinoa production to drought is becoming increasingly common in Altiplano, and to ensure sustainable quinoa production in the área in the future, appropriate resources need to be leveraged at a community level. This requires strong political dedication in Bolivia for climate action, and a distribution of resources locally, with a focus on anticipatory and bottom-up adaptation strategies. A 6-step Policy Recommendation is presented in aim to address and improve the adaptive capacity of the quinoa producers in Altiplano.
Abstract: The Bolivian Altiplano, is a key production site for quinoa. Quinoa is the only crop that can grow in these harsh arid climatic conditions due to the higher tolerance of the crop for dry and salty soils. This arid highland is, however, highly susceptible to climate change, and the increasing drought conditions projected in the región are threatening the resilience ofeven this exceptionally tolerant crop. 21 communities were visitedfor research purposes, and inmost farmers reported of already suffering from the impactsof climate change. Quinoa provides most ofthe livelihoodsforthe rural small-holder farmers in Altiplano. Losing the production, therefore, have reported to have a profound effect on the income and well-being ofthe farmers. Increasing global market demand ofthe crop and pressure for extensive production have also introduced unsustainable production methods. These are causing further soil erosión, increasing the vulnerability ofthe production to drought, wind and frost. Due to the slow political progress of the mitigation efforts globally, the need for adaptation is becoming unavoidable in Bolivia, and in Altiplano particular. The quinoa producing communities in southern Altiplano are equipped with limited resources and low adaptive capacity. Loss of quinoa production to drought is becoming increasingly common in Altiplano, and to ensure sustainable quinoa production in the área in the future, appropriate resources need to be leveraged at a community level. This requires strong political dedication in Bolivia for climate action, and a distribution of resources locally, with a focus on anticipatory and bottom-up adaptation strategies. A 6-step Policy Recommendation is presented in aim to address and improve the adaptive capacity of the quinoa producers in Altiplano.
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Vol. 3, No. 2