Características alimentarias, familiares y estado nutricional en niños de 4 a 36 meses con anemia en establecimientos de salud de Huánuco, Perú: un estudio observacional ambispectivo
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Revista UNITEPC
Abstract
Introducción. La anemia ferropénica es un problema de salud pública persistente, causado principalmente por la inadecuada ingesta de hierro y otros nutrientes, que debe ser abordado considerando las características sociosanitarias de los niños y de sus familias. Objetivo. Describir las características alimentarias, familiares y el estado nutricional de niños de 4 a 36 meses con anemia, usuarios de los establecimientos de salud de Huánuco, Perú. Métodos. Fue un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, observacional, ambispectivo y transversal. La población censal fue de 97 niños de 4 a 36 meses, con anemia ferropénica. Se aplicó una ficha de valoración clínica y una guía de entrevista de las características generales de los niños. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva. Resultados. En las características alimentarias predominó la lactancia materna exclusiva 90 (92,8 %), a libre demanda 82 (84,5 %), cuyo momento de lactancia fue antes del consumo de cada comida 43 (44,3 %). El inicio de la alimentación complementaria se dio luego de los 7 meses 48 (49,5 %). También predominó el consumo de desayuno, refrigerio de la mañana, almuerzo, refrigerio de la tarde y cena 77 (79,4 %); una alta proporción de los niños no fueron adherentes al tratamiento con hierro (91,8 %). En las características familiares, una gran proporción de las familias fueron nucleares 61 (62,9 %), siendo el jefe de familia el padre. En las características del estado nutricional, una gran proporción de los niños con anemia tuvieron un diagnóstico nutricional normal 62(63,9 %), seguido de una menor proporción de niños con desnutrición aguda. El 58 (59,8 %) tuvo anemia leve, seguido de una importante proporción con anemia moderada. Conclusión. Existen características alimentarias, familiares y estado nutricional en niños de 4 a 36 meses con anemia marcada para ser consideradas en las intervenciones de salud preventivo promocional.
Introduction. Introduction. Iron deficiency anemia is a persistent public health problem, mainly caused by inadequate intake of iron and other nutrients, which must be addressed considering the socio-health characteristics of children and their families. Objective. To describe the dietary and family characteristics and nutritional status of children aged 4 to 36 months with anemia, users of health facilities in Huánuco, Peru. Methods. This was a quantitative, descriptive, observational, ambispective and cross-sectional study. The census population consisted of 97 children aged 4 to 36 months with iron deficiency anemia. A clinical assessment form and an interview guide of the general characteristics of the children were applied. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results. Exclusive breastfeeding 90 (92,8 %), on free demand 82 (84,5 %), the timing of which was before the consumption of each meal 43 (44,3 %), predominated in the dietary characteristics. Complementary feeding was initiated after 7 months of age 48 (49.5 %). Consumption of breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner also predominated 77(79.4 %); a high proportion of children were non-adherent to iron treatment (91.8 %). In family characteristics, a large proportion of the families were nuclear 61 (62.9 %), with the head of the family being the father. In the nutritional status characteristics, a large proportion of children with anemia had a normal nutritional diagnosis 62(63.9 %), followed by a smaller proportion of children with acute malnutrition. Mild anemia was found in 58(59.8 %), followed by a significant proportion with moderate anemia. Conclusion. There are important dietary, family and nutritional status characteristics in children aged 4 to 36 months with anemia to be considered in preventive promotional health interventions.
Introduction. Introduction. Iron deficiency anemia is a persistent public health problem, mainly caused by inadequate intake of iron and other nutrients, which must be addressed considering the socio-health characteristics of children and their families. Objective. To describe the dietary and family characteristics and nutritional status of children aged 4 to 36 months with anemia, users of health facilities in Huánuco, Peru. Methods. This was a quantitative, descriptive, observational, ambispective and cross-sectional study. The census population consisted of 97 children aged 4 to 36 months with iron deficiency anemia. A clinical assessment form and an interview guide of the general characteristics of the children were applied. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results. Exclusive breastfeeding 90 (92,8 %), on free demand 82 (84,5 %), the timing of which was before the consumption of each meal 43 (44,3 %), predominated in the dietary characteristics. Complementary feeding was initiated after 7 months of age 48 (49.5 %). Consumption of breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner also predominated 77(79.4 %); a high proportion of children were non-adherent to iron treatment (91.8 %). In family characteristics, a large proportion of the families were nuclear 61 (62.9 %), with the head of the family being the father. In the nutritional status characteristics, a large proportion of children with anemia had a normal nutritional diagnosis 62(63.9 %), followed by a smaller proportion of children with acute malnutrition. Mild anemia was found in 58(59.8 %), followed by a significant proportion with moderate anemia. Conclusion. There are important dietary, family and nutritional status characteristics in children aged 4 to 36 months with anemia to be considered in preventive promotional health interventions.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 2
Keywords
Niño, Anemia, Estado nutricional, Características familiares, Características alimentarias, Salud infantil, Child, Anemia, Nutritional status, Family characteristics, Food characteristics, Child health, Criança, Anemia, Estado nutricional, Características da família, Características da alimentação, Saúde da criança