Análisis de la Distribución Espacial del fenómeno delictivo en la ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela

Abstract

Multiple studies of the geographical dimension of phenomena have shown that distribution is not homogeneous neither in space nor time,observing distribution on a map, it is possible to see patterns that can be very useful in the development of urban planning strategies for the purposes of prevention and reduction. In this sense, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have proven to be an extremely useful tool in the production of so-called crime maps that allow access to fast and factual images of criminal behavior. Thus, this study presents a situational analysis of in the city of Merida, in order to improve the understanding of how is spatially configured in order to identify patterns in space and time. This was achieved using data from the official statistics of the Merida State Police Service for the year 2013 and using GIS technology. As a result, hot spots have been identified, that is, areas where a greater density of crimes is concentrated. We then analysed the relationship between the geographical location of certain categories and the urban spaces that have shown a specific social vulnerability. The results have demonstrated spatial and temporal patterns, consistent with comparative research. A greater concentration of is observeds in areas with greater population circulation and during business hours. Likewise, it is observed that the hot spots of delinquency are outside, but adjacent to neighborhoods classified as vulnerable and characterized with greater social vulnerability.