Aplición de Biol y riego por aspersión en la producción de cebada forrajera (Hordeum vulgare) en el municipio de Viacha
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Abstract
En el Altiplano boliviano, una de las principales fuentes de ingresos económicos es la crianza de ganado que tiene como principal fuente de alimento diversos tipos de forraje entre ellos la cebada forrajera de la cual no se alcanza el rendimiento esperado bajo las condiciones naturales de la región. Es por ello, que el estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Choquenaira, situada en el municipio de Viacha. El principal objetivo fue evaluar la aplicación de biol con riego por aspersión y a secano en dos periodos de corte a fin de establecer diferencias en variables agronómicas, bromatológicas y rendimiento en materia seca. La metodología consistió en el empleo de cebada forrajera de la variedad IBTA-80 al cual se aplicó biol bovino al 0%, 25%, 50% y 75% con riego por aspersión y a secano, resultando ocho tratamientos dispuestos en un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo de parcelas subdivididas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que mediante la aplicación de biol se obtienen mayores rendimientos en el primer corte ya que con el nivel de 75% de biol se obtuvo 7.30 t ha-¹ a secano, y con riego 14 t ha-¹. La composición nutricional, muestra elevado contenido de proteína de 28% a secano al 75% de biol y 24,3% con riego por aspersión al 25% de biol. Asimismo, el contenido de fibra cruda con la producción a secano es de 33,94% al 0% de biol y 34,34% al 25% de biol bajo riego, al primer corte, el valor energético alcanzó a 202,39 Kcal 100gM-¹ al 0% de biol a secano y 206,35 Kcal 100gM-¹ al 50% de biol bajo riego en el segundo corte.
In the Bolivian Altiplano, one of the main sources of income is raising cattle, whose main food sources are natural pastures, including forage barley. In terms of barley production it is difficult to reach the expected yield, due to the constraining natural conditions of the region. In order to look for solutions to this problem a study was conducted atthe Experimental Station of Choquenaira, located in the municipality of Viacha. The main objective was to evaluate the implementation of Biol (organic liquid fertilizer), under conditions of both sprinkler irrigation and rain-fed, in two periods, to establish differences in agronomic and bromatological variables, in terms of dry matter yield. The methodology involved the use of forage barley variety IBTA-80, to which bovine Biol was applied at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%, under sprinkler irrigation and rain fed conditions, resulting eight treatments arranged in a randomized blocks design, with split plots arrangements. The results showthat the application of Biol, produces higheryields. With application of 75% of Biol, a yield of 7.30 t ha-¹ was obtained in the rain-fed treatment, and 14 t ha-¹ in the irrigation treatment. Additionnality, the nutritional composition shows high protein content of 28% for rain-fed at 75% of Biol and 24.3% for sprinkler irrigation at 25% of Biol. In addition, the crude fibber content under rain fed production was 33,94% at 0% of Biol and 34,34% at 25% of Biol under irrigation, results that were obtained from the first cut, the energy value reached 202,39 Kcal 100gM-¹ at 0% of Biol under rain fed, and 206,35 Kcal 100gM-¹ at 50% of Biol, under sprinkler irrigation during the second cut.
In the Bolivian Altiplano, one of the main sources of income is raising cattle, whose main food sources are natural pastures, including forage barley. In terms of barley production it is difficult to reach the expected yield, due to the constraining natural conditions of the region. In order to look for solutions to this problem a study was conducted atthe Experimental Station of Choquenaira, located in the municipality of Viacha. The main objective was to evaluate the implementation of Biol (organic liquid fertilizer), under conditions of both sprinkler irrigation and rain-fed, in two periods, to establish differences in agronomic and bromatological variables, in terms of dry matter yield. The methodology involved the use of forage barley variety IBTA-80, to which bovine Biol was applied at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%, under sprinkler irrigation and rain fed conditions, resulting eight treatments arranged in a randomized blocks design, with split plots arrangements. The results showthat the application of Biol, produces higheryields. With application of 75% of Biol, a yield of 7.30 t ha-¹ was obtained in the rain-fed treatment, and 14 t ha-¹ in the irrigation treatment. Additionnality, the nutritional composition shows high protein content of 28% for rain-fed at 75% of Biol and 24.3% for sprinkler irrigation at 25% of Biol. In addition, the crude fibber content under rain fed production was 33,94% at 0% of Biol and 34,34% at 25% of Biol under irrigation, results that were obtained from the first cut, the energy value reached 202,39 Kcal 100gM-¹ at 0% of Biol under rain fed, and 206,35 Kcal 100gM-¹ at 50% of Biol, under sprinkler irrigation during the second cut.
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Vol. 3, No. 1