Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a obesidad y sobrepeso
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Rev. bol. ped.
Abstract
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y factores ambientales asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de primero básico en la ciudad de Oruro en la gestión 2007. Diseño: corte transversal con casos y controles. Lugar: 25 unidades educativas del municipio de Oruro. Participantes: 750 niños/as de 5 a 7 años de edad del primer grado de primaria de establecimientos educativos de la ciudad de Oruro, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Material y método: se midió el índice de masa corporal (IMC) utilizando como estándar las curvas del Nacional Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) y al mismo tiempo se aplicó una entrevista a los padres de los niños/as donde se indagó por variables predictoras (lactancia materna, horas de televisión por día, uso de transporte escolar, actividad física, dieta). Resultados: se encontró una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso (24%) y obesidad (6%), sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa según sexo. Dentro las variables predictoras estudiadas, el uso del transporte escolar se asoció con obesidad y sobrepeso, OR: 1.75 (IC95%1.14-2.70). La lactancia materna exclusiva por un tiempo menor a tres meses se asoció al riesgo de obesidad y sobrepeso con un OR: 10.54 (IC95%1.37-222.36) y el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas y azúcares con un OR: 1.35 (IC95%1.21-1.50). Conclusiones: existe una elevada prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en escolares de la ciudad de Oruro, es importante que se planifiquen acciones preventivas y educativas de malnutrición en este grupo etáreo.
Objective: to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to overweight and obesity in children of first year elementary school in the city of Oruro in the year 2007. Design: transversal cohort with case control. Place: 25 educational units in the city of Oruro. Participants: 750 boys and girls, 5 to 7 years old of the first year of elemental school of educational establishments in the city of Oruro, selected randomly. Material and methods: we measure the Body Mass Index (BMI) using the standardized curves of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and at the same time we applied an interview to the parents of the children where we asked for predictive variables (breastfeeding, hours of television a day, use of school transport, physical activity, diet). Results: we found a high prevalence in overweight (24%) and obesity (6%), without statistically signifi cant differences between sexes. Among the predictive variables studied, the use of school transport is associated with obesity and overweight, OR: 1.75 (IC 95% 1.14-2.70). Exclusive breastfeeding for a time less than three months of age was associated to a risk of obesity and overweight with an OR: 10.54 (IC 95% 1.21-1.50). Conclusions: there is an elevated prevalence in obesity and overweight in school age children in the city of Oruro, it is important that we plan effective preventive actions and education of malnutrition in this age group.
Objective: to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to overweight and obesity in children of first year elementary school in the city of Oruro in the year 2007. Design: transversal cohort with case control. Place: 25 educational units in the city of Oruro. Participants: 750 boys and girls, 5 to 7 years old of the first year of elemental school of educational establishments in the city of Oruro, selected randomly. Material and methods: we measure the Body Mass Index (BMI) using the standardized curves of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and at the same time we applied an interview to the parents of the children where we asked for predictive variables (breastfeeding, hours of television a day, use of school transport, physical activity, diet). Results: we found a high prevalence in overweight (24%) and obesity (6%), without statistically signifi cant differences between sexes. Among the predictive variables studied, the use of school transport is associated with obesity and overweight, OR: 1.75 (IC 95% 1.14-2.70). Exclusive breastfeeding for a time less than three months of age was associated to a risk of obesity and overweight with an OR: 10.54 (IC 95% 1.21-1.50). Conclusions: there is an elevated prevalence in obesity and overweight in school age children in the city of Oruro, it is important that we plan effective preventive actions and education of malnutrition in this age group.
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Vol. 47, No. 1