Efectos de la Terapia Periodontal sobre el control glicémico en pacientes diabéticos: Una Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels, which are altered by periodontal diseases. Periodontal treatments have been studied to assess the effectiveness of glycemic control in diabetic patients, however, controversies exists. This study aims to determine the effects of such treatments on the control of blood glucose since systematic reviews in Spanish have not been recently reported. Methodology: The following sources of information were used, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud coordinated by BIREME, Cochrane and Cochrane Library were used by BVS, Medline (via PubMed), Free Medical Journals, Medigrafic, Springer, Google scholar. Articles published between 2004-2016 were selected, mainly clinical trials (35 articles), systematic reviews and meta-analysis (15 items) enrolling diabetic participants with periodontal disease who received various types of periodontal therapies. Results: The periodontal treatment significantly improves glycemic control in diabetic patients. The scaling and root planning is the most effective with or without the use of additional therapies; tartar removal and health education yield positive results, studies on prophylaxis and plaque control do not provide enough information to affirm their effectiveness. Conclusions: Despite the positive results, longitudinal studies are recommended, also, scaling and root planning as a main periodontal treatment in diabetic patients with periodontal disease to improve glycemic control.