Propuesta de rehabilitación ambiental de la Ex metabol - Oruro
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
Como consecuencia de la actividad minera y también minero-industrial, en la mayoría de los países quedaron numerosas minas e instalaciones en estado de abandono sin que muchas de ellas se hayan sometido a un proceso adecuado de cierre; lo que ha significado que, en la actualidad haya numerosos lugares en los que se presentan escenarios de riesgo para la seguridad y salud de las personas y para el medio ambiente. La Ex - METABOL, segunda fundidora en Bolivia, es en la actualidad un pasivo ambiental dentro de la urbe orureña; dicho predio, se pretende utilizar con fines de uso académico por la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Univerrsidad Técnica de Oruro; por lo que, se hace necesario realizar un estudio de remediación y rehabilitación. La metodología empleada se basa en el análisis y diagnóstico medioambiental de los factores ambientales en la planta Ex - METABOL; la identificación de los impactos, riesgos y medidas correctoras, para finalmente presentar una propuesta técnica, económica y medioambiental para la remediación y rehabilitación de dichos predios. En la investigación se determinó que los factores ambientales más afectados son: suelo (características edáficas y compactación), flora (cubierta vegetal, vegetación y flora terrestre) y paisaje, debido a los impactos de la industria metalúrgica. Es por eso que la propuesta de remediación se centró en medidas como: Traslado de las arenas residuales para reutilización en la Empresa Metalúrgica Vinto (EMV); reciclaje de la chatarra existente; creación de zonas verdes protegiendo a las especies encontradas; promoción y desarrollo de actividades de turismo utilizando los sitios de deposición de las escorias, instalaciones y maquinaria antigua; y finalmente, la fitoremediación de los suelos contaminados. Los ingresos por venta de chatarra y de arenas de hornos, permitirá un ingreso de 11632,55 $us; mientras que la implementación de las medidas de remediación tendrá un costo de 327041,48 $us.
As a result of mining and mining-industrial, in most countries numerous mines and facilities have been abandoned without that many of them have undergone proper closure process remained; which it has meant that currently has numerous places where risk scenarios for the safety and health of people and the environment are presented. The Ex - METABOL, second smelter in Bolivia, is now an environmental liability within the orureña city; that property, is to be used for the purpose of academic use by the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Technical Univerrsidad of Oruro; therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study of remediation and rehabilitation. The methodology is based on analysis and environmental diagnosis of environmental factors on the ground Ex - METABOL; the identification of impacts, risks and corrective measures, to finally present a technical, economic and environmental proposal for remediation and rehabilitation of these properties. In the investigation it was determined that environmental factors affected are: soil (soil characteristics and compaction), flora (vegetation cover, vegetation and terrestrial flora) and landscape, due to the impacts of the metallurgical industry. That is why the proposal focused on remedial measures such as: Transfer of waste sand for reuse in Vinto Metallurgical Company (EMV); existing recycling scrap metal; greening protecting the species found; promotion and development of tourism activities using sites of deposition of slag, facilities and old machinery; and finally, the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Revenues from the sale of scrap and furnace sand, allow an income of US $ 11,632.55; while the implementation of remediation measures will cost $ 327041.48 us.
As a result of mining and mining-industrial, in most countries numerous mines and facilities have been abandoned without that many of them have undergone proper closure process remained; which it has meant that currently has numerous places where risk scenarios for the safety and health of people and the environment are presented. The Ex - METABOL, second smelter in Bolivia, is now an environmental liability within the orureña city; that property, is to be used for the purpose of academic use by the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Technical Univerrsidad of Oruro; therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study of remediation and rehabilitation. The methodology is based on analysis and environmental diagnosis of environmental factors on the ground Ex - METABOL; the identification of impacts, risks and corrective measures, to finally present a technical, economic and environmental proposal for remediation and rehabilitation of these properties. In the investigation it was determined that environmental factors affected are: soil (soil characteristics and compaction), flora (vegetation cover, vegetation and terrestrial flora) and landscape, due to the impacts of the metallurgical industry. That is why the proposal focused on remedial measures such as: Transfer of waste sand for reuse in Vinto Metallurgical Company (EMV); existing recycling scrap metal; greening protecting the species found; promotion and development of tourism activities using sites of deposition of slag, facilities and old machinery; and finally, the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Revenues from the sale of scrap and furnace sand, allow an income of US $ 11,632.55; while the implementation of remediation measures will cost $ 327041.48 us.
Description
No. 1