Genotipos de alto riesgo del Virus del Papiloma Humano en mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
El virus de papiloma humano, se contagia por transmisión sexual, es un adenovirus con más de 200 genotipos, de los cuales son de alto riesgo para la aparición de cáncer uterino los identificados como VPH 16,-18,-31,-33,-35,-39,-45,-51,-52,-56,-58,-59,-67-68,-73,-82. La detección de alguna de estas variantes permite la prevención y tratamiento oportuno para impedir el desarrollo del cáncer. Objetivo: Describir los principales genotipos de alto riesgo del virus del papiloma humano reportados en mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura utilizando el método PRISMA, a partir de una búsqueda en bases de datos como Pubmed, Scielo, ELSEVIER, Google Académico, y la de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los criterios de inclusión son: idioma en inglés y español, estudios realizados por métodos moleculares publicados en los años 2019 al 2023. Resultados: Se describió el estado actual de los genotipos de alto riesgo del VPH en 17 países de América Latina y el Caribe, donde Venezuela es el país con mayor porcentaje de casos positivos para HPV (12,46%), seguido por las Bahamas (10,25%). De igual forma se identificó al VPH-16 con mayor prevalencia (10,18%), seguido del VPH-56 (9,39%). Conclusión: A nivel mundial se considera a los genotipos de alto riesgo VPH-16 y VPH-18 como los más comunes, pero en algunos países de América Latina y el Caribe se han identificado a otros como el VPH-56 y VPH-53 que también muestran alta frecuencia, demostrando una variación drástica entre países e incluso en diferentes regiones del mismo país.
The human papilloma virus, which is contagious through sexual transmission, is an adenovirus with more than 200 genotypes, which are of high risk for the appearance of uterine cancer, identified as HPV 16,-18,-31,-33,- 35,-39,-45,-51,-52,-56,-58,-59,-67-68,-73,-82. The detection of any of these variants allows for timely prevention and treatment to prevent the development of cancer. Objective: To describe the main high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus reported in women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out using the PRISMA method, based on a search in databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, ELSEVIER, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization. The inclusion criteria are: language in English and Spanish, studies carried out by molecular methods published in the years 2019 to 2023. Results: The current state of high-risk HPV genotypes in 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean was described, Venezuela is the country with the highest percentage of positive cases for HPV (12.46%), followed by the Bahamas (10.25%). HPV-16 was also identified with the highest prevalence (10.18%), followed by HPV-56 (9.39%). Conclusion: At a global level, high-risk genotypes HPV-16 and HPV-18 are considered to be the most common, but in some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, others have been identified as HPV-56 and HPV-53, which It also shows high frequency, demonstrating drastic variation between countries and even in different regions of the same country.
The human papilloma virus, which is contagious through sexual transmission, is an adenovirus with more than 200 genotypes, which are of high risk for the appearance of uterine cancer, identified as HPV 16,-18,-31,-33,- 35,-39,-45,-51,-52,-56,-58,-59,-67-68,-73,-82. The detection of any of these variants allows for timely prevention and treatment to prevent the development of cancer. Objective: To describe the main high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus reported in women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out using the PRISMA method, based on a search in databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, ELSEVIER, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization. The inclusion criteria are: language in English and Spanish, studies carried out by molecular methods published in the years 2019 to 2023. Results: The current state of high-risk HPV genotypes in 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean was described, Venezuela is the country with the highest percentage of positive cases for HPV (12.46%), followed by the Bahamas (10.25%). HPV-16 was also identified with the highest prevalence (10.18%), followed by HPV-56 (9.39%). Conclusion: At a global level, high-risk genotypes HPV-16 and HPV-18 are considered to be the most common, but in some countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, others have been identified as HPV-56 and HPV-53, which It also shows high frequency, demonstrating drastic variation between countries and even in different regions of the same country.
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Vol. 7, No. 21