Evaluación del rendimiento de tres sistemas de siembra y dos variedades de amaranto (Amaranthus quitensis) y (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
El cultivo de amaranto en nuestro país ha tomado gran importancia debido a la demanda existente, se siembra bajo sistemas convencionales existiendo un escaso conocimiento sobre las variedades y los diferentes sistemas de siembra, en la sierra ecuatoriana ha prevalecido la conocida como Amaranthus quitensis, por lo que el objeto de la investigación fue evaluar el rendimientos de dos variedades de amaranto (Amaranthus quitensis V1) y (Amaranthus hypochondriacus V2) manejando tres sistemas de siembra a chorro continuo (S1), por golpe (S2) y mediante trasplante (S3). Posteriormente se determinó cuál de los sistemas de siembra alcanzó mayores rendimientos del grano en kg/parcela. Adicionalmente se determinó, la altura de planta (m), diámetro del tallo basal (cm), número de panojas por planta a los 120, 150 y 180 días a la cosecha. La variedad Amaranthus quitensis H.B.H.B.K. o A. hyhridus L. (V1), es conocido en Ecuador como ataco, sangorache, sangoracha, jataco y actualmente como amaranto de grano negro. En el experimento se aplicó un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos, se realizaron análisis de variancia; pruebas de Tukey al 5%; y pruebas de Diferencia Mínima Significativa al 5% para el factor variedades. La investigación se efectuó en la Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, situada en Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua-Ecuador. Los resultados sobresalieron en el tratamiento uno V1S1 a los 180 días, con los siguientes valores: el rendimiento del grano (RG) fue de 1.25 kg/parcela (2480.16 kg/ha); altura de planta (AP) 1,81 m; diámetro del tallo basal (DDTB) 1.49 cm; número de panojas por planta (NPP) 2.79 y días a la cosecha (DC) 109.
The cultivation of amaranth in our country has taken great importance due to the existing demand, it is sown under conventional systems existing with a little knowledge about the varieties and the different systems of sowing, in the Ecuadorian sierra the one known as Amaranthus has prevailed. quitensis, so the purpose of the research was to evalúate the yield of two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus quitensis V1) and (Amaranthus hypochondriacus V2) managing three continuous sowing systems (S1), by stroke (S2) and by transplant (S3). Subsequently, it was determined which of the sowing systems reached higher grain yields in kg / plot. Additionally, plant height (m), diameter of the basal stem (cm), number of panicles per plant at 120, 150 and 180 days at harvest was determined. The variety Amaranthus quitensis H.B.H.B.K. or A. hybridus L. (V1), is known in Ecuador as ataco, sangorache, sangoracha, jataco and currently as black grain amaranth. In the experiment, an experimental design of divided plots with four repetitions and six treatments was applied, analysis of variance was performed; Tukey tests at 5%; and tests of Mínimum Significant Difference at 5% for the factor varieties. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm Querochaca of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos, province of Tungurahua-Ecuador. The results stood out in treatment one V1S1, with the following values: the grain yield (GR) was 1.25 g / plot (2480.16 kg / ha); height of the plant (AP) on average 1.56 m; diameter of the basal stem (DDTB) 1.19 cm; number of panicles per plant (NPP) 2.13 and days to harvest (DC) 109.
The cultivation of amaranth in our country has taken great importance due to the existing demand, it is sown under conventional systems existing with a little knowledge about the varieties and the different systems of sowing, in the Ecuadorian sierra the one known as Amaranthus has prevailed. quitensis, so the purpose of the research was to evalúate the yield of two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus quitensis V1) and (Amaranthus hypochondriacus V2) managing three continuous sowing systems (S1), by stroke (S2) and by transplant (S3). Subsequently, it was determined which of the sowing systems reached higher grain yields in kg / plot. Additionally, plant height (m), diameter of the basal stem (cm), number of panicles per plant at 120, 150 and 180 days at harvest was determined. The variety Amaranthus quitensis H.B.H.B.K. or A. hybridus L. (V1), is known in Ecuador as ataco, sangorache, sangoracha, jataco and currently as black grain amaranth. In the experiment, an experimental design of divided plots with four repetitions and six treatments was applied, analysis of variance was performed; Tukey tests at 5%; and tests of Mínimum Significant Difference at 5% for the factor varieties. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm Querochaca of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos, province of Tungurahua-Ecuador. The results stood out in treatment one V1S1, with the following values: the grain yield (GR) was 1.25 g / plot (2480.16 kg / ha); height of the plant (AP) on average 1.56 m; diameter of the basal stem (DDTB) 1.19 cm; number of panicles per plant (NPP) 2.13 and days to harvest (DC) 109.
Description
Vol. 6, No. 2