Overweight-obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents from Merida city, Venezuela.

Abstract

To establish the prevalence of overweight-obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) (sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired carbohydrate metabolism) in children and adolescents in the city of Mérida, Venezuela, we studied 922 children and adolescents from 9 to 18 years of age, from different educational institutions. Anthropometric measurements and arterial blood pressure were recorded. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids levels, and glucose and insulin 2 h post-load glucose were measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. In order of frequency, sedentary lifestyle was observed in 49.3% of participants, dyslipidemia in 28.3%, overweight-obesity in 17.4% (7.9% obesity and 9.5% overweight), prehypertension and hypertension (PreHT/HT) in 8.8%, prediabetes in 4%, insulin resistance in 3.9% and metabolic syndrome (MS) in 2.5%. CRF’s were associated with overweight-obesity, being the most common, dyslipidemia (50.3% vs 23.7% in normal weight) and PreHT/HT (23.8% vs 5.7%; p=0.0001 for both). The risk of PreHT/HT, dyslipidemia, and MS were 5.14, 3.26 and 119.56 times more in overweight-obesity, than in low-normal weight respectively (p=0.0001 for all). In conclusion, the frequency of overweight and obesity in Mérida has increased over time. Given its clear association with CRF, it is recommended to provide the appropriated education to improve nutritional status.