Obtención, purificación y aprovechamiento de azúcares reductores a partir de materiales lignocelulósicos
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Rev. Bol. Quim
Abstract
La transformación de biomasa lignocelulósica en productos de valor añadido como los azúcares reductores está llamando la atención en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, la hidrólisis eficiente suele ser obstaculizada por la estructura recalcitrante de la biomasa. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como propósito evidenciar las fuentes lignocelulósicas y su composición (celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina) por las cuales se obtienen azúcares reductores (AR) y posteriores metabolitos como etanol, xilitol, ácido láctico, ácido succínico entre otros. Se describe la metodología de hidrólisis: química, enzimática, autohidrólisis y otras con el fin de reutilización de los materiales derivados. Se menciona diferentes tecnologías de purificación y refinamiento como el uso de nanofiltración, adsorción e intercambio iónico, así como su correspondiente determinación por metodología del ácido 3,5- dinitrosalicílico, Nelson-Somogyi, Eynon-Lane, Folin-Wu, Fehlig Causse Bonnans y HPLC. Finalmente, se destaca la aplicación de los azúcares reductores en el campo alimentario y/o farmacéutico principalmente.
Obtaining, purifying and using reducing sugars from lignocellulosic materials. The transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products such as reducing sugars is attracting worldwide attention. However, efficient hydrolysis is often hampered by the recalcitrant structure of the biomass. The purpose of this literature review is to show the lignocellulosic sources and their composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) from which reducing sugars (RS) and subsequent metabolites such as ethanol, xylitol, lactic acid, succinic acid, among others, are obtained. The hydrolysis methodology is described: chemical, enzymatic, autohydrolysis and others with the aim of reusing the derived materials. Different purification and refining technologies include nanofiltration, adsorption and ion exchange, as well as their corresponding determination by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methodology, Nelson-Somogyi, Eynon-Lane, Folin-Wu, Fehlig Causse Bonnans and HPLC. Finally, the application of reducing sugars in the food and/or pharmaceutical fields is highlighted.
Obtaining, purifying and using reducing sugars from lignocellulosic materials. The transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products such as reducing sugars is attracting worldwide attention. However, efficient hydrolysis is often hampered by the recalcitrant structure of the biomass. The purpose of this literature review is to show the lignocellulosic sources and their composition (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) from which reducing sugars (RS) and subsequent metabolites such as ethanol, xylitol, lactic acid, succinic acid, among others, are obtained. The hydrolysis methodology is described: chemical, enzymatic, autohydrolysis and others with the aim of reusing the derived materials. Different purification and refining technologies include nanofiltration, adsorption and ion exchange, as well as their corresponding determination by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methodology, Nelson-Somogyi, Eynon-Lane, Folin-Wu, Fehlig Causse Bonnans and HPLC. Finally, the application of reducing sugars in the food and/or pharmaceutical fields is highlighted.
Description
Vol. 41, No. 2