Estudio técnico y económico de la obtención de ácido fosfórico a partir de roca fosfórica del yacimiento de Capinota - Cochabamba -Bolivia
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REV. MAMYM
Abstract
Las tecnologías de producción de ácido fosfórico a partir de recursos minerales pueden ser por las vía seca y húmeda. En el presente trabajo se estudia la obtención de ácido fosfórico por la vía húmeda a partir de la roca fosfórica proveniente del municipio de Capinota - Cochabamba - Bolivia. Actualmente la roca fosfórica de dicho municipio, sólo se comercializa como fertilizante a los agricultores para su aplicación directa. En la investigación, se realizó una adecuada caracterización física, química y mineralógica de una muestra de roca fosfórica que es comercializada; se realizaron pruebas exploratorias del tiempo de lixiviación; luego se estudió el efecto de diferentes parámetros de lixiviación, en ambiente abierto, para después desarrollar pruebas que permitan estudiar la eliminación de calcio por medio de la precipitación de yeso, y finalmente, la concentración del ácido fosfórico por evaporación. Las mejores condiciones de lixiviación de la roca fosfórica de Capinota, considerando pruebas con 100 gramos de muestra, son: t lixiviacion = 1hr, %solidos = 30, T = 75°C y Tamaño de partícula -200#. La máxima extracción de fósforo obtenida fue de 94.17%. En la etapa eliminación de Calcio por de precipitación con ácido sulfúrico en una relación de 15 ml acido/20ml muestra, se logró una precipitación de 1.08 gr de yeso. Finalmente, para un 50% de evaporación, se logró obtener ácido fosfórico con una calidad de 81.09%. Se concluye que es técnicamente viable realizar el proyecto de obtención de ácido fosfórico a partir de la roca fosfórica de Capinota.
The technologies for the production of phosphoric acid from mineral resources can be dry or wet. The present work studies the production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock from the municipality of Capinota - Cochabamba - Bolivia. At present, phosphate rock from this municipality is only marketed as fertilizer to farmers for direct application. In the research, an adequate physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a sample of phosphate rock that is marketed was carried out; exploratory tests of the leaching time were performed; then the effect of different leaching parameters was studied, in an open environment, to later develop tests to study the elimination of calcium by means of gypsum precipitation, and finally, the concentration of phosphoric acid by evaporation. The best leaching conditions of the Capinota phosphate rock, considering tests with 100 grams of sample, are:t lixiviacion =1hr, %solids=30, T=75°C and Particle size -200#. The maximum phosphorus extraction obtained was 94.17%. In the calcium elimination stage by precipitation with sulfuric acid at a ratio of 15 ml acid/20ml sample, a precipitation of 1.08 g of gypsum was achieved. Finally, for 50% evaporation, phosphoric acid was obtained with a quality of 81.09%. It is concluded that the project to obtain phosphoric acid from the Capinota phosphate rock is feasible.
The technologies for the production of phosphoric acid from mineral resources can be dry or wet. The present work studies the production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock from the municipality of Capinota - Cochabamba - Bolivia. At present, phosphate rock from this municipality is only marketed as fertilizer to farmers for direct application. In the research, an adequate physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a sample of phosphate rock that is marketed was carried out; exploratory tests of the leaching time were performed; then the effect of different leaching parameters was studied, in an open environment, to later develop tests to study the elimination of calcium by means of gypsum precipitation, and finally, the concentration of phosphoric acid by evaporation. The best leaching conditions of the Capinota phosphate rock, considering tests with 100 grams of sample, are:t lixiviacion =1hr, %solids=30, T=75°C and Particle size -200#. The maximum phosphorus extraction obtained was 94.17%. In the calcium elimination stage by precipitation with sulfuric acid at a ratio of 15 ml acid/20ml sample, a precipitation of 1.08 g of gypsum was achieved. Finally, for 50% evaporation, phosphoric acid was obtained with a quality of 81.09%. It is concluded that the project to obtain phosphoric acid from the Capinota phosphate rock is feasible.
Description
Vol. 9, No. 2