Inhibición de Mycosphaerella fijiensis en banano orgánico (Musa AAA L.) con la aplicación de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal
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Abstract
El cultivo de banano orgánico (Musa AAA L.) contribuye al sustento de las familias, y a la economía a través de las exportaciones en República Dominicana. Las exportaciones de los productos agrícolas tienen limitantes; entre estas el límite máximo permitido de residuos químicos que presenten. Otras limitantes en la producción son la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades a nivel foliar. La principal enfermedad del banano es la Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella spp.), siendo la especie de importancia comercial la fijiensis. En plantaciones orgánicas se utiliza alternativas biológicas como control de enfermedades y las bacterias PGPRs son una alternativa por promover el desarrollo de plantas y controlar patógenos. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de las bacterias PGPRs sobre el desarrollo de Mycosphaerella fijiensis in vitro. Se utilizaron veinte cepas bacterianas con capacidades PGPRs para el ensayo. Se aisló e identificó el hongo mediante reacción de la cadena polimerasa (PCR). El ensayo in vitro se llevó a cabo en medio de cultivo Papa Dextrosa Agar (PDA) en placa Petri con tres repeticiones por tratamiento, sembrando en el centro de la placa un disco de cada bacteria que se dejó crecer por 24 horas a 28 °C. Transcurrido el tiempo se inoculó el hongo, con una concentración aproximada de 1x105 FM ml. El ensayo se incubó a temperatura de 28 ºC por 14 días. Los datos fueron analizados con el software estadístico Infostat (2018). Se identificó la especie M. fijiensis por PCR con iniciadores específicos. En el ensayo in vitro para control del crecimiento de Sigatoka, cuatro cepas inhiben el crecimiento DARA33 (Bacillus licheniformis), MTF12 (B. safensis), PMB10 (B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum) y MAM11 (Leclercia adecarboxylata) y dieciséis cepas no inhiben su crecimiento.
The cultivation of organic bananas (Musa AAA L.) contributes to the livelihood of families, and to the economy through exports in the Dominican Republic. Exports of agricultural products have limitations; these include the maximum permitted limit of chemical residues that are present. Other constraints on production are the incidence of pests and diseases at the leaf level. The main banana disease is Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella spp.), the commercially important species being fijiensis. In organic plantations, biological alternatives are used as disease control and PGPRs bacteria are an alternative for promoting plant development and controlling pathogens. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of PGPRs bacteria on the development of Mycosphaerella fijiensis in vitro. Twenty bacterial strains with PGPRs capabilities were used for the assay. The fungus was isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The in vitro assay was carried out in potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium in a Petri dish with three replicates per treatment, seeding in the center of the dish a disc of each bacterium that was allowed to grow for 24 hours at 28 °C. After some time, the fungus was inoculated with an approximate concentration of 1x105 FM ml. The assay was incubated at a temperature of 28 ºC for 14 days. The data were analyzed with the statistical software Infostat (2018). The species M. fijiensis was identified by PCR with specific primers. In the in vitro growth control assay of black Sigatoka, four strains inhibit growth: DARA33 (Bacillus licheniformis), MTF12 (B. safensis), PMB10 (B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum) and MAM11 (Leclercia adecarboxylata) and sixteen strains do not inhibit their growth.
The cultivation of organic bananas (Musa AAA L.) contributes to the livelihood of families, and to the economy through exports in the Dominican Republic. Exports of agricultural products have limitations; these include the maximum permitted limit of chemical residues that are present. Other constraints on production are the incidence of pests and diseases at the leaf level. The main banana disease is Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella spp.), the commercially important species being fijiensis. In organic plantations, biological alternatives are used as disease control and PGPRs bacteria are an alternative for promoting plant development and controlling pathogens. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of PGPRs bacteria on the development of Mycosphaerella fijiensis in vitro. Twenty bacterial strains with PGPRs capabilities were used for the assay. The fungus was isolated and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The in vitro assay was carried out in potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium in a Petri dish with three replicates per treatment, seeding in the center of the dish a disc of each bacterium that was allowed to grow for 24 hours at 28 °C. After some time, the fungus was inoculated with an approximate concentration of 1x105 FM ml. The assay was incubated at a temperature of 28 ºC for 14 days. The data were analyzed with the statistical software Infostat (2018). The species M. fijiensis was identified by PCR with specific primers. In the in vitro growth control assay of black Sigatoka, four strains inhibit growth: DARA33 (Bacillus licheniformis), MTF12 (B. safensis), PMB10 (B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum) and MAM11 (Leclercia adecarboxylata) and sixteen strains do not inhibit their growth.
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Vol. 11, No. 3