Granuloma piógeno de localización atípica: reporte de casos y revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Pyogenic Granuloma is a non-neoplastic benign mucocutaneous lesion that affects the periodontal tissues and, with lesser frequency, other areas of the oral cavity. It is an inflammatory hyperplasia that usually shows an ulcerated surface, and it is associated with traumatic agents and contaminated buccal fluids. Its pathology is described as the focal reactive development of the fibrovascular and granulation tissues, with important endothelial proliferation. This study aims to describe four cases of atypical location. The subjects are two males and two females in the 15-to-40 age range who attended the Oral Medicine services of the Faculty of Dentistry of the ULA. Clinically, exophytic lesions are observed. The surface is ulcerated and bleeds on provocation. The lesion sizes vary in diameter from 0.5 to 1.5 centimetres and they are located in the hard palate, lower lip mucosa and vermilion. As therapeutic behavior, excisional biopsies and histopathological study of the samples are conducted for the presumptive diagnosis confirmation. Histopathological analysis reveals sui generis microscopic features of PG. It has been reported that PG lesions are more likely to affect females in the second decade of life. However, in the cases studied the appearance of PG is evident no matter the gender or age. The location of more frequent dental interest for PG lesions is the vestibular gum, but the cases described in this study are non-classical occurrences; these atypical cases demonstrate the necessity of being able to recognize the clinical features of PG for its appropriate surgical management.