Comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) en la Estación Experimental Sapecho, Alto Beni
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Abstract
El okra no es cultivado y crece como maleza en la región del trópico del departamento de La Paz, los productores no lo conocen, pero los adultos mayores utilizan la semilla como sustituto del grano del café y en estado de vaina es preparado en ensaladas y guisos por su agradable sabor. El trabajo de investigación tiene el fin de brindar información mediante la evaluación del comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de okra. El estudio fue realizado en la Estación Experimental Sapecho dependiente de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, la semilla fue recolectada de la localidad de Colorado del departamento de Cochabamba. Las variables de respuesta evaluadas fueron el porcentaje de viabilidad, días a la emergencia, primer par de hojas; días a la floración, fructificación y cosecha; altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo principal, número de ramas y cápsulas por planta, peso de la cápsula por planta; diámetro y longitud de la cápsula, número de semillas por cápsula, peso de la semilla por planta, diámetro de la semilla e identificación de plagas y enfermedades, la evaluación estadística fue descriptiva calculando el promedio, máxima, mínima, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. Los resultados muestran que la viabilidad de la semilla fue del 92%, promedio de emergencia de 7 días, primeras hojas a los 17 días, floración a los 103 días, fructificación a los 105 días y cosecha a los 173 días desde su almacigo. El cultivo llegó a medir 243.98 cm de altura, con un diámetro de 5.14 cm en el tallo principal con cinco ramas en promedio. El número de cápsulas por planta; peso, diámetro, longitud y número de semillas por cápsula fue mayor en la segunda cosecha. Se observó la presencia del insecto del género Diabrotica pero no afectó en la producción, no se encontró enfermedades que causen daño al cultivo, concluyéndose que este cultivo tiene un potencial productivo y puede ser ampliamente difundido en la región tropical.
The okra is not cultivated and grows as a weed in the tropical region of the department of La Paz, the producers do not know it, but older adults use the seed as a substitute forthe coffee bean and in a pod state it is prepared in salads and stews for its pleasant flavor. The research work aims to provide information by evaluating the agronomic behavior of the okra crop. The study was carried out atthe Sapecho Experimental Station underthe Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, the seed was collected from the Colorado town of the department of Cochabamba. The answer variables evaluated were the viability percentage, days after emergence, first pair of leaves; days to flowering, fruiting and harvesting; height of the plant, diameterof the main stem, numberof branches and capsules per plant, weight of the capsule per plant; diameter and length of the capsule, number of seeds per capsule, weight of the seed per plant, diameter of the seed and identification of pests and diseases, the statistical evaluation was descriptive, calculating the average, maximum, minimum, standard deviation and coefficient of variation . The results show that the viability of the seed was 92%, average of emergence of 7 days, first leaves at 17 days, flowering at 103 days, fruiting at 105 days and harvest at 173 days from its storage. The crop reached 243.98 cm in height, with a diameter of 5.14 cm in the main stem with five branches on average. The number of capsules per plant; weight, diameter, length and numberof seeds per capsule was higher in thesecond harvest. The presence of the insect of the Diabrotica genus was observed but it did not affect the production, there were no diseases that cause damage to the crop, concluding that this crop has a productive potential and can be widely disseminated in the tropical region.
The okra is not cultivated and grows as a weed in the tropical region of the department of La Paz, the producers do not know it, but older adults use the seed as a substitute forthe coffee bean and in a pod state it is prepared in salads and stews for its pleasant flavor. The research work aims to provide information by evaluating the agronomic behavior of the okra crop. The study was carried out atthe Sapecho Experimental Station underthe Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, the seed was collected from the Colorado town of the department of Cochabamba. The answer variables evaluated were the viability percentage, days after emergence, first pair of leaves; days to flowering, fruiting and harvesting; height of the plant, diameterof the main stem, numberof branches and capsules per plant, weight of the capsule per plant; diameter and length of the capsule, number of seeds per capsule, weight of the seed per plant, diameter of the seed and identification of pests and diseases, the statistical evaluation was descriptive, calculating the average, maximum, minimum, standard deviation and coefficient of variation . The results show that the viability of the seed was 92%, average of emergence of 7 days, first leaves at 17 days, flowering at 103 days, fruiting at 105 days and harvest at 173 days from its storage. The crop reached 243.98 cm in height, with a diameter of 5.14 cm in the main stem with five branches on average. The number of capsules per plant; weight, diameter, length and numberof seeds per capsule was higher in thesecond harvest. The presence of the insect of the Diabrotica genus was observed but it did not affect the production, there were no diseases that cause damage to the crop, concluding that this crop has a productive potential and can be widely disseminated in the tropical region.
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Vol. 5, No. 2