A Suspected Mesothelioma Cluster in Colombia: What We Know

Abstract

Introduction: Asbestos are mineral fibers that have been used in a wide range of products. All forms of asbestos cause mesothelioma and cancers of the lung, larynx, and ovaries. The asbestos industry began operations in Colombia in 1942, with an asbestos cement facility located in the municipality of Sibate (current population 38,000). Historically the plant produced asbestos-cement roof tiles and water pipes. The latest figure available indicates that in 2012 the facility used 5,955 tons of asbestos. Inhabitants of Sibate have been complaining that a large number of people are being diagnosed and are dying from asbestos related diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential existence of a mesothelioma cluster in Sibate. Methods: In 2015/16, 354 door-to-door health and socioeconomic surveys were applied in three large neighborhoods, to identify potential asbestos related cases. Asbestos exposure sources have also been studied, including soil-sampling campaigns conducted at locations that were determined using Geographic Information Systems. Results: Thirty-one (31) self-reported mesothelioma cases were identified with the surveys. For 21 of these cases, a copy of the medical diagnosis has been obtained (14 with immunohistochemistry report), as an initial step to confirm the original diagnosis. Core biopsy paraffins for each case are currently being collected for validation purposes. During the soil survey campaign, an underground layer of friable asbestos (chrysotile content 5-10%) was identified at different depths. This asbestos layer was created during the construction of landfills intended to desiccate areas of a water reservoir located next to the town. Conclusion: With the information collected so far, 3 of the 5 criteria established by the US CDC cluster investigation guidelines have been met. At this stage, the case in Sibate can be labeled as a suspected mesothelioma cluster, pending further confirmation of the mesothelioma diagnosis.