Paradigms of the agricultural system in times of COVID-19

Abstract

Until the end of the 20 th century, world agriculture underwent a transition towards a new technological paradigm, very different from that of the green revolution, based on the current "bio" revolutions, in which human beings have transformed biodiversity by placing it at their service 1 .In this context, the agriculture of the XXI century begins to live a new revolution, broader, deeper than the previous ones: an organizational revolution, of knowledge management and convergences between the different technologies.We live in a world with increasingly scarce resources, not only due to extraction, use but also due to the contamination and destruction of different ecosystems in the environment 1 .Thus, the food industry, in general, seeks to adapt its reality, aspects such as the supply chain, the value chain, and consumer preferences, with possible entrepreneurial opportunities 2 .As of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has definitely taken the world by surprise, be it due to the speed of expansion, the high rate of morbidity and mortality, or other health factors 3 .Determining that all countries are vulnerable, mainly to suffer food insecurity 4 , particularly those in development 1 .On the other hand, the rural productive projects try to maintain themselves, but without economic development 5 .This complicated health period brings with it not only a health crisis but also a social one, which requires a change in the economic model 1 .Causing a decrease in economic activity, a fall in prices of primary products, the interruption of global value chains 6 , which represent potentially catastrophic financial, ecological, and social impacts 7 .Being somewhat clear, that all analysts agree "the world will not be the same as before the pandemic" 3 , that is, we live and will live in a world full of uncertainties.The agricultural sector in Bolivia, as in many countries, is a strategic sector for its economy, it provides basic products for food, raw materials, and inputs for the transformation of food products, likewise, some products through exports generate foreign exchange 8 .However, it faces various environmental threats and in recent years, biological threats, which have caused economic damage to agricultural production, specifically during the 2019-2020 agricultural cycle, agro-productive systems were indirectly affected by conflicts post-election social (November -December 2019) and the Covid-19 8 health crisis,