Septic shock: a narrative review of management and therapy

Abstract

Goal: To present the main concepts of septic shock, focusing on management and therapy. Literature review: Septic shock is defined as a condition of persistent hypotension that requires vasopressors to maintain blood pressure greater than or equal to 65 mmHg, together with the presence of a serum lactate level greater than 18 mg/dL or 2 mmol/L even with volume replacement. The Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) is one of the tools used, upon admission to the emergency room and during hospitalization in the ward, to recognize patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Once sepsis and septic shock are suspected, it is necessary to immediately begin patient management. Priorities include identifying and controlling the source of infection, as well as treating it with appropriate antibiotics and continually reassessing the patient and their vital signs. Final considerations: Early detection is essential for the rapid initiation of treatment. Management involves collecting cultures and lactate, prompt administration of broadspectrum antimicrobials, infusion of fluids, and use of vasopressor substances. Patients recovering from septic shock may face longterm challenges, including persistent organ dysfunction and complications.