Efecto del neem sobre Phyllocnistis citrella y su parasitoidismo a nivel de invernadero en Manabí, Ecuador
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Abstract
La exploración de alternativas de control de plagas en los cultivos resulta de mucho interés mundial, el uso de bioplagicidas y su interacción insecto plaga y enemigos naturales. El cultivo de limón reporta diferentes plagas siendo el minador de hojas una plaga de gran interés económico para los citricultores. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto del Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sobre Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidóptera: Gracillariidae) y su parasitoidismo a nivel de invernadero. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: extracto acuso de neem; aceite de neem y testigo sin aplicación. El desarrollo se efectuó bajo dos épocas climática: seca y lluviosa, en condiciones controlada en vivero, bajo el diseño completamente al Azar. Las evaluaciones se realizaron a los 10, 15, 20 días luego de la aplicación donde se evaluó la tasa de infestación, mortalidad y parasitoidismo, en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador con una duración de 2 meses por época. Como resultados principales se obtuvo, que las tasas globales de infestación, mortalidad y parasitoidismo fueron superiores en época de lluvia con (26.6, 7.6 y 4.8 %) respectivamente. La aplicación de los tratamientos con Neem obtuvieron mejor respuesta en cuanto a la infestación en época seca, siendo el extracto acuoso que alcanza los porcentajes más bajo de infestación a los 10 y 15 días después de la aplicación, por otra parte, mientras que en época de lluvia los datos de la mortalidad fueron los que mostraron mejor respuesta con la aplicación de neem con la aplicación del extracto acuoso. En base a los resultados de las aplicaciones de neem sobre P. citrella y su parasitoide A. citrícola se concluye que existe una disminución del insecto plaga y un escaso efecto sobre el parasitoide, cabe mencionar la interacción bioinsecticida-parasitoide-plaga es positiva.
The exploration of pest control alternatives in crops is of great worldwide interest, the use of biopesticides and their interaction between insect pests and natural enemies. The lemon crop reports different pests, being the leaf miner a pest of great economic interest for citrus growers. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasitoidism at the greenhouse level. The evaluated treatments were: aqueous extract of neem; neem oil and control without application. The development was carried out under two climatic seasons: dry and rainy, under controlled conditions in the nursery, under a completely random design. The evaluations were carried out at 10, 15, 20 days after the application where the rate of infestation, mortality and parasitoidism was evaluated, in the province of Manabí, Ecuador with a duration of 2 months per season. As main results, it was obtained that the global rates of infestation, mortality and parasitoidism were higher in the rainy season with (26.6, 7.6 and 4.8 %) respectively. The application of the treatments with Neem obtained a better response in terms of infestation in the dry season, being the aqueous extract that reached the lowest percentages of infestation at 10 and 15 days after the application, on the other hand, while in the dry season of rain the mortality data were those that showed the best response with the application of neem with the application of the aqueous extract. Based on the results of the neem applications on P. citrella and its parasitoid A. citrícola, it is concluded that there is a decrease in the pest insect and little effect on the parasitoid, it is worth mentioning that the bioinsecticide-parasitoid-plague interaction is positive.
The exploration of pest control alternatives in crops is of great worldwide interest, the use of biopesticides and their interaction between insect pests and natural enemies. The lemon crop reports different pests, being the leaf miner a pest of great economic interest for citrus growers. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasitoidism at the greenhouse level. The evaluated treatments were: aqueous extract of neem; neem oil and control without application. The development was carried out under two climatic seasons: dry and rainy, under controlled conditions in the nursery, under a completely random design. The evaluations were carried out at 10, 15, 20 days after the application where the rate of infestation, mortality and parasitoidism was evaluated, in the province of Manabí, Ecuador with a duration of 2 months per season. As main results, it was obtained that the global rates of infestation, mortality and parasitoidism were higher in the rainy season with (26.6, 7.6 and 4.8 %) respectively. The application of the treatments with Neem obtained a better response in terms of infestation in the dry season, being the aqueous extract that reached the lowest percentages of infestation at 10 and 15 days after the application, on the other hand, while in the dry season of rain the mortality data were those that showed the best response with the application of neem with the application of the aqueous extract. Based on the results of the neem applications on P. citrella and its parasitoid A. citrícola, it is concluded that there is a decrease in the pest insect and little effect on the parasitoid, it is worth mentioning that the bioinsecticide-parasitoid-plague interaction is positive.
Description
Vol. 10, No. 2