Impacto del Cambio de Cobertura la Tierra sobre la Temperatura en Puerto Villarroel, Bolivia (2019-2024)
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RevActaNova.
Abstract
Resumen: Este estudio analiza el impacto de diferentes tipos de cobertura del suelo (bosque, áreas deforestadas y zonas urbanas) sobre la temperatura de la superficie terrestre (LST) en el Municipio de Puerto Villarroel, durante el período 2019-2024. Los datos satelitales de Landsat 8 y Sentinel-1/2 revelaron que las áreas boscosas son hasta 4,5°C más frías que las zonas urbanas debido a la evapotranspiración y la sombra. En contraste, las zonas urbanas muestran las temperaturas más altas (alcanzando 36°C) debido al efecto de isla de calor urbana. Las diferencias entre áreas deforestadas y bosques variaron entre 0,7°C y 1,6°C, indicando que la cobertura forestal reduce las temperaturas de manera más efectiva que las áreas deforestadas. La clasificación supervisada utilizando el algoritmo Random Forest reveló una pérdida progresiva de bosques a una tasa anual del 6%, mientras que las áreas urbanas crecieron un 18% y las áreas deforestadas un 5%. Se concluye que la cobertura forestal es esencial para mitigar temperaturas extremas, proteger los ciclos hidrológicos, y se recomiendan políticas de conservación y reforestación.
Abstract: This study analyzes the impact of different types of land cover (forest, deforested areas, and urban zones) on the land surface temperature (LST) in the Municipality of Puerto Villarroel, for the period 2019-2024. Satellite data from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1/2 revealed that forested areas are up to 4.5°C cooler than urban zones due to evapotranspiration and shading. In contrast, urban zones show the highest temperatures (peaking at 36°C) due to the urban heat island effect. The differences between deforested areas and forests ranged from 0.7°C to 1.6°C, indicating that forest cover reduces temperatures more effectively than deforested areas. Supervised classification using Random Forest revealed a progressive loss of forest at an annual rate of 6%, while urban areas grew by 18% and deforested areas by 5%. It is concluded that forest cover is essential for mitigating extreme temperatures, protecting hydrological cycles, and conservation and reforestation policies are recommended.
Abstract: This study analyzes the impact of different types of land cover (forest, deforested areas, and urban zones) on the land surface temperature (LST) in the Municipality of Puerto Villarroel, for the period 2019-2024. Satellite data from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1/2 revealed that forested areas are up to 4.5°C cooler than urban zones due to evapotranspiration and shading. In contrast, urban zones show the highest temperatures (peaking at 36°C) due to the urban heat island effect. The differences between deforested areas and forests ranged from 0.7°C to 1.6°C, indicating that forest cover reduces temperatures more effectively than deforested areas. Supervised classification using Random Forest revealed a progressive loss of forest at an annual rate of 6%, while urban areas grew by 18% and deforested areas by 5%. It is concluded that forest cover is essential for mitigating extreme temperatures, protecting hydrological cycles, and conservation and reforestation policies are recommended.
Description
Vol. 11, No. 4