Hydrogeophysical methods and hydrogeological models: basis for groundwater sustainable management in Valle Alto (Bolivia)

Abstract

In Bolivia climate change and anthropogenic activities such as extensive agriculture, industries and urbanization have increased the groundwater demand and extraction, which is leading to severe stress on groundwater resources in several regions of Bolivia. This research aims to present an overview of different geophysical surveys performed in Valle Alto (central Bolivia), in particular in the Punata and Toco alluvial fans. The application of geophysics can have an implication in broadening the knowledge about local aquifers, which later might assist in proposing sustainable groundwater exploitation and protection plans. The geophysical results revealed two similar aquifer systems contained in unconsolidated sediments. A refinement of the hydrogeological conceptual models in terms of layering, lateral variation and thicknesses was performed in both areas. Moreover, geophysical surveys revealed geological features such as faults and saline regions which have not been reported previously in other studies. Such information is aimed to be the basis for further debates on groundwater protection, management, planning, and decision-making between local water user organizations and municipalities.