Hipertensión arterial, un reto farmacológico
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta a más del 30% de la población adulta en todo el mundo y se caracteriza por tener una presión arterial más alta de lo normal. Se presentan los principales fármacos para el correcto manejo de la enfermedad según la gravedad de los síntomas del paciente evaluado por SCORE de riesgo cardiovascular y por sus patologías concomitantes. Objetivo. Identificar los fármacos y el tipo de tratamiento, farmacológico o no farmacológico, empleados en la HTA en cuanto a su diagnóstico, mejorando el manejo del paciente que padece esta enfermedad. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de tipo sistemática empleando el protocolo PRISMA para la recopilación de información en trabajos procedentes de motores de búsqueda como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y ELSEVIER sobre el tratamiento de la Hipertensión Arterial Primaria, publicados durante enero del año 2017 hasta diciembre del año 2022. Conclusión. La hipertensión arterial sigue siendo un reto en el campo de la farmacología debido a su alta prevalencia y su asociación con múltiples enfermedades cardiovasculares. Los tratamientos disponibles son efectivos, pero no curan la enfermedad, por lo que es necesario seguir investigando nuevas opciones terapéuticas para mejorar el control y reducir el impacto en la salud pública. La educación y la prevención son herramientas importantes para reducir la incidencia de hipertensión y mejorar el manejo de la enfermedad. Con esta investigación fue posible identificar la importancia del tratamiento farmacológico y el tratamiento de tipo no farmacológico, evaluando adecuadamente el estado del paciente.
Arterial hypertension (AHT) is a chronic disease that affects more than 30% of the adult population worldwide and is characterized by higher than normal blood pressure. The main drugs for the correct management of the disease are presented according to the severity of the patient's symptoms evaluated by SCORE of cardiovascular risk and by his concomitant pathologies. Objective. To identify the drugs and the type of treatment, pharmacological or non-pharmacological, used in HT in terms of its diagnosis, improving the management of the patient suffering from this disease. Methodology. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA protocol for the collection of information in works from search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ELSEVIER on the treatment of Primary Arterial Hypertension, published during January 2017 until December 2022. Conclusion. Arterial hypertension remains a challenge in the field of pharmacology due to its high prevalence and association with multiple cardiovascular diseases. Available treatments are effective, but do not cure the disease, so it is necessary to continue investigating new therapeutic options to improve control and reduce the impact on public health. Education and prevention are important tools to reduce the incidence of hypertension and improve disease management. With this research it was possible to identify the importance of pharmacological treatment and non-pharmacological treatment, adequately assessing the patient's condition.
Arterial hypertension (AHT) is a chronic disease that affects more than 30% of the adult population worldwide and is characterized by higher than normal blood pressure. The main drugs for the correct management of the disease are presented according to the severity of the patient's symptoms evaluated by SCORE of cardiovascular risk and by his concomitant pathologies. Objective. To identify the drugs and the type of treatment, pharmacological or non-pharmacological, used in HT in terms of its diagnosis, improving the management of the patient suffering from this disease. Methodology. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA protocol for the collection of information in works from search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ELSEVIER on the treatment of Primary Arterial Hypertension, published during January 2017 until December 2022. Conclusion. Arterial hypertension remains a challenge in the field of pharmacology due to its high prevalence and association with multiple cardiovascular diseases. Available treatments are effective, but do not cure the disease, so it is necessary to continue investigating new therapeutic options to improve control and reduce the impact on public health. Education and prevention are important tools to reduce the incidence of hypertension and improve disease management. With this research it was possible to identify the importance of pharmacological treatment and non-pharmacological treatment, adequately assessing the patient's condition.
Description
Vol. 6, No. 16