Producción de compost mediante la degradación de residuos sólidos orgánicos con microorganismos efectivos en Huánuco
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Abstract
Castillo Grande, ubicado en Huánuco - Perú, presenta el problema de contaminación producido por el incremento de los residuos sólidos, en especial de los orgánicos, que no son aprovechados, por lo que se propone la forma de degradación de dichos residuos, planteando el objetivo, de evaluar la acción de microorganismos efectivos provenientes de distintas fuentes en la degradación de los residuos sólidos orgánicos, y su influencia en la producción de compost con mejores parámetros químicos. La metodología empleada fue un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos (Compost1, Compost2 y Compost3) y tres repeticiones por tratamiento, donde los análisis de las variables, tales como periodo de degradación de residuos sólidos orgánicos y parámetros químicos del compost, estuvieron en función de los valores promedios y de dispersión. Los resultados no reportan diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los tratamientos en el periodo de degradación; pero sí en ciertos parámetros químicos. El Compost1 es el que reportó menor periodo de degradación y mayores contenidos de materia orgánica en estado seco, humedad, nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, magnesio, sodio, zinc y manganeso, cumpliendo en gran parte los niveles establecidos por la Norma Técnica Peruana 201.208:2021; mientras que los mayores contenidos de Ca y Fe se registró con el Compost3. Concluyendo que los microorganismos efectivos provenientes de la hojarasca, son los adecuados para descomponer residuos sólidos orgánicos y producir compost en menor tiempo y con buenos parámetros químicos.
Castillo Grande, located in Huánuco - Peru, presents the problem of contamination produced by the increase of solid waste, especially organic waste, which is not used, so the way of degradation of such waste is proposed, proposing the objective of evaluating the action of three types of effective microorganisms in the degradation of organic solid waste and in the production of compost with parameters chemical. The methodology used was a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (Compost1, Compost2 and Compost3) and three repetitions per treatment, where the analysis of variables, such as the degradation period of organic solid waste and chemical parameters of the compost, were a function of the average values and dispersion. The results do not report statistically significant differences between treatments in the degradation period; but it does in certain chemical parameters. Compost1 is the one that reported the shortest degradation period, and higher organic matter contents in the dry state, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc and manganese, largely complying with the levels established by the Peruvian Technical Standard 201.208:2021; while the highest Ca and Fe content was recorded with Compost3. Concluding that the effective microorganisms from the leaf litter are suitable for decomposing organic solid waste and producing compost in less time and with good chemical parameters.
Castillo Grande, located in Huánuco - Peru, presents the problem of contamination produced by the increase of solid waste, especially organic waste, which is not used, so the way of degradation of such waste is proposed, proposing the objective of evaluating the action of three types of effective microorganisms in the degradation of organic solid waste and in the production of compost with parameters chemical. The methodology used was a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (Compost1, Compost2 and Compost3) and three repetitions per treatment, where the analysis of variables, such as the degradation period of organic solid waste and chemical parameters of the compost, were a function of the average values and dispersion. The results do not report statistically significant differences between treatments in the degradation period; but it does in certain chemical parameters. Compost1 is the one that reported the shortest degradation period, and higher organic matter contents in the dry state, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc and manganese, largely complying with the levels established by the Peruvian Technical Standard 201.208:2021; while the highest Ca and Fe content was recorded with Compost3. Concluding that the effective microorganisms from the leaf litter are suitable for decomposing organic solid waste and producing compost in less time and with good chemical parameters.
Description
Vol. 11, No. 2