Distribución, importancia y limitaciones de las especies productoras de goma y resina en Etiopía
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J. Selva Andina Biosph.
Abstract
El bosque seco es el tipo de bosque más extenso de Etiopía, con una superficie actual de 55 millones de hectáreas. Estos bosques son predominantemente ricos en especies de Acacia, Boswellia y Commiphora que dan importantes productos de exportación como la goma arábiga, el incienso y la mirra. Sin embargo, estos bosques están sufriendo una enorme degradación debido a las presiones antropogénicas y están disminuyendo continuamente por la expansión de las tierras agrícolas, los asentamientos humanos, el pastoreo excesivo, la falta de políticas y un método de explotación improcedente. El objetivo de este artículo fue examinar la distribución, importancia y limitaciones de las especies que contienen goma y resina en Etiopía. En Etiopía se espera que las áreas cubiertas por especies naturales portadoras de goma y resina en las diferentes regiones, la principal Tigray tiene una cobertura de 940000 ha, la otra Amhara, Oromía, Gambela, Somalia, Beneshangul-Gumuz, Nacionalidades y Pueblos del Sur (SNNP) y Afar siguieron a la región de Tigray, respectivamente. La mayoría de los hogares de las zonas rurales de Etiopía utilizan productos forestales no madereros (PFNM) con distintos fines, que van desde la alimentación, la nutrición, la energía y la medicina hasta la generación de ingresos y las prácticas culturales. Entre los PFNM, las gomas y las resinas son productos comerciales ventajosos con potencial para contribuir al desarrollo social y económico de las zonas rurales y urbanas de Etiopía. Las gomas y resinas comerciales se producen en zonas rurales, se comercializan en zonas urbanas y son utilizadas por los países occidentales, por lo que afectan a diversos ámbitos de la vida humana. Por lo tanto, se recomienda una investigación adecuada y planes claros orientados a la acción, la mejora de los métodos de extracción, una política clara sobre la utilización y conservación de las especies portadoras de goma y resina y la identificación de métodos de propagación.
Dry forest is the largest forest type in Ethiopia that currently covers 55 M ha. These forests are predominantly rich in Acacia, Boswellia and Commiphora species that gives the important export commodities such as gum arabic, frankincense and myrrh. However, these forests are suffering by huge degradation due to anthropogenic pressures also they are shrinking continuously by the expansion of agricultural lands, human settlement, overgrazing, and lack of policy and inappropriate tapping method. The aim of this paper was to review distribution, importance and constraints in gum and resin bearing species in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia expected areas covered by natural gum and resin bearing species in the different regions, the leading one Tigray have 940000 ha coverage, the other Amhara, Oromía, Gambela, Somalia, Beneshangul-Gumuz, Nationalities and Peoples of the South (SNNP) and Afar followed Tigray region respectively. The majority of the households in rural Ethiopia make use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for different purposes, extending from food, feed, energy, and medicine to income generation and cultural practices. Among the range of NTFPs, gums and resins are advantageous trade commodities with a potential for helping social and economic developments both at rural and urban areas in Ethiopia. Commercial gums and resins are produced in rural areas, traded in urban and utilized by western countries and, hence, touch varied ranges of human lives and cross-sections. Therefore, adequate research and clear action oriented plans, improve tapping methods, clear policy about utilization and conservation gum and resin bearing species and identify method of propagation is recommended.
Dry forest is the largest forest type in Ethiopia that currently covers 55 M ha. These forests are predominantly rich in Acacia, Boswellia and Commiphora species that gives the important export commodities such as gum arabic, frankincense and myrrh. However, these forests are suffering by huge degradation due to anthropogenic pressures also they are shrinking continuously by the expansion of agricultural lands, human settlement, overgrazing, and lack of policy and inappropriate tapping method. The aim of this paper was to review distribution, importance and constraints in gum and resin bearing species in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia expected areas covered by natural gum and resin bearing species in the different regions, the leading one Tigray have 940000 ha coverage, the other Amhara, Oromía, Gambela, Somalia, Beneshangul-Gumuz, Nationalities and Peoples of the South (SNNP) and Afar followed Tigray region respectively. The majority of the households in rural Ethiopia make use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for different purposes, extending from food, feed, energy, and medicine to income generation and cultural practices. Among the range of NTFPs, gums and resins are advantageous trade commodities with a potential for helping social and economic developments both at rural and urban areas in Ethiopia. Commercial gums and resins are produced in rural areas, traded in urban and utilized by western countries and, hence, touch varied ranges of human lives and cross-sections. Therefore, adequate research and clear action oriented plans, improve tapping methods, clear policy about utilization and conservation gum and resin bearing species and identify method of propagation is recommended.
Description
Vol. 12, No. 1