Neutralization of Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom from Bolivia: experimental evaluation of llama and donkey antivenoms produced by caprylic acid precipitation.

dc.contributor.authorFernández, Gil Patrick
dc.contributor.authorSegura, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorHerrera, María
dc.contributor.authorVelasco, Williams
dc.contributor.authorSolano, Gabriela
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez, José María
dc.contributor.authorLeón, Guillermo
dc.coverage.spatialBolivia
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-24T15:07:36Z
dc.date.available2026-03-24T15:07:36Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.descriptionVol. 55, No. 2-3, pp. 642-5
dc.description.abstractPolyspecific bothropic/crotalic and bothropic/lachesic antivenoms were produced in Bolivia by immunizing two donkeys with the venoms of Bothrops mattogrossensis and Crotalus durissus terrificus and one llama with the venoms of B. mattogrossensis and Lachesis muta. These antivenoms are currently being used for snakebite envenomation in Bolivia. The rationale for using these animals is that donkeys and llamas are better adapted than horses to the high altitudes in South America and constitute good alternatives for antivenom production in these regions. Plasma was fractionated by caprylic acid precipitation of non-immunoglobulin plasma proteins, to obtain whole IgG preparations. Donkey-derived antivenom showed one band of 150 kDa when analyzed by SDS-PAGE, whereas llama antivenom presented two immunoglobulin bands, of 170 kDa and 120 kDa, the latter corresponding to the heavy-chain antibodies present in camelid sera. The effectiveness of these antivenoms to neutralize lethal, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, edema-forming, and defibrinogenating activities of the venom of B. mattogrossensis from Bolivia, a species formerly known as Bothrops neuwiedii, was assessed at the experimental level. Although llama antivenom has a total protein concentration four times lower than donkey antivenom, both preparations have similar neutralizing capacity against all toxic activities assessed. Llama and donkey IgG-based antivenoms are effective in the neutralization of B. mattogrossensis venom and represent valuable alternatives for antivenom manufacture in highland regions of South America.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipLaboratorio de Producción de Antiveninas, Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, La Paz, Bolivia.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.031
dc.identifier.issn1879-3150
dc.identifier.otherPMID:19647761
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.031
dc.identifier.urihttps://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/101353
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofToxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
dc.sourcePubMed
dc.titleNeutralization of Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom from Bolivia: experimental evaluation of llama and donkey antivenoms produced by caprylic acid precipitation.
dc.typeArtículo Científico Publicado

Files