Transcultural Adaptation and Validation into Spanish of the AO Spine PROST (Patient-Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) Questionnaire

Abstract

Study DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional study of cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a patient-reported outcome measure.ObjectiveTo adapt and validate the Spanish version of the AO Spine Patient-Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (PROST) questionnaire for assessing functional outcomes in patients with traumatic spinal injuries.MethodsThe translation followed Beaton's standardized cross-cultural adaptation process: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and final version development. Adult patients (≥18 years) with spinal trauma within the last 13 months were recruited from 4 Level 1 trauma centers across Latin America. Exclusion criteria included polytrauma (ISS >15), complete paralysis (ASIA A-B), and cognitive impairment. Participants completed the Spanish PROST and the SF-36. Concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation between PROST and SF-36 domains. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach's alpha.ResultsA total of 108 patients were included (mean age 46 ± 15.8 years; 57% male). The Spanish PROST showed excellent internal consistency (α > 0.96). It showed a strong correlation with the SF-36 Physical Functioning domain (rs = 0.83; <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and moderate to strong correlations with Vitality, Mental Health, Bodily Pain, and Social Functioning (rs = 0.54-0.64; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Moderate correlations were also found with Role Physical and Role Emotional.ConclusionThe Spanish AO Spine PROST is a valid, reliable tool for assessing functional outcomes in spinal trauma patients. These findings support its use in both clinical practice and research settings within Spanish-speaking populations.