La conservación y la ornitofauna en la Chiquitanía Boliviana
Abstract
Este estudio es una contribución al conocimiento de la comunidad de aves en la Chiquitanía boliviana, identifica los problemas para su conservación y propone medidas para su protección. Los registros de aves se realizaron cerca del pueblo de San Rafael (60° 15' y 16º 40') en la prov. Velasco de Dpto. de Santa Cruz y cerca del pueblo de Concepción (62° 00' y 16° 10') en la prov. Ñuflo de Chavez, región que se conoce como la zona norte de la Chiquitanía boliviana. Se registraron por primera vez las siguientes especies de aves de ecosistemas forestales: Odontophorus specious, Leptotila verreauxi, Pyrrhura rodogaster, Melanotrochilus fuscus, Nystalus maculatus y Hylophilus poicilotis . Los resultados muestran que el bosque de San Rafael es de tipo chaqueño porque presenta especies forestales y de aves típicas del Chaco, mientras que el bosque cerca de Concepción tiene mayor influencia de especies amazónicas tanto en aves como en la vegetación. En ambos tipos de bosque se encuentran elementos del Cerrado; en conclusión el área de estudio es un mosaico de vegetación y zona de transición entre la Amazonia, el Chaco y el Cerrado. Aunque la mayoría de las aves no están limitadas a la Chiquitanía, la estructura y composición de la comunidad aviar y en especial la comunidad de aves de ecosistemas forestales, es muy particular de esta región por lo que su conservación debería ser una prioridad. Se propone contraponer el valor de las maderas al valor paisajístico del bosque, apoyar la creación de un área protegida en Lomerío, la realización de campañas de educación ambiental, el control de las quemas anuales y la racionalización de la colonización.
This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the avian community of the Bolivian Chiquitania. Problems for bird conservation were identified and several actions for their protection proposed. The survey of the birds was made near the town of San Rafael (60° 15' and 16° 40') in the prov. Velasco, Dpto. of Santa Cruz, also near to the town of Concepción (62° 00' and 16° 10') in the prov. Ñuflo de Chavez, this región is known as the Bolivian Chiquitania. The following species not previously recorded in that area were observed in the forest: Odontophorus specious, Leptotila verreauxi, Pyrrhura rodogaster, Melanotrochilus fuscus, Nystalus maculatus and Hylophilus poicilotis. The results indicate that the forest at San Rafael is a Chaco type forest while the forest at Concepción is an amazonian type forest, whereas both have elements of Cerrado vegetation. The same pattem is followed by the avian communities, so I concluded that the study area is a mosaic of vegetation and transition zone between Amazonia, Chaco and Cerrado. Although most of the birds have a large range of distribution outside Chiquitania, the forest community is unique, therefore its conservation should be a priority. The following measures for habitat conservation are proposed: counterbalance of the forest as a touristic atraction against the timber value, support the creation of a protected area at Lomerío, implement an environmental education program, enforce fire control policies and introduce a rational colonization program.
This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the avian community of the Bolivian Chiquitania. Problems for bird conservation were identified and several actions for their protection proposed. The survey of the birds was made near the town of San Rafael (60° 15' and 16° 40') in the prov. Velasco, Dpto. of Santa Cruz, also near to the town of Concepción (62° 00' and 16° 10') in the prov. Ñuflo de Chavez, this región is known as the Bolivian Chiquitania. The following species not previously recorded in that area were observed in the forest: Odontophorus specious, Leptotila verreauxi, Pyrrhura rodogaster, Melanotrochilus fuscus, Nystalus maculatus and Hylophilus poicilotis. The results indicate that the forest at San Rafael is a Chaco type forest while the forest at Concepción is an amazonian type forest, whereas both have elements of Cerrado vegetation. The same pattem is followed by the avian communities, so I concluded that the study area is a mosaic of vegetation and transition zone between Amazonia, Chaco and Cerrado. Although most of the birds have a large range of distribution outside Chiquitania, the forest community is unique, therefore its conservation should be a priority. The following measures for habitat conservation are proposed: counterbalance of the forest as a touristic atraction against the timber value, support the creation of a protected area at Lomerío, implement an environmental education program, enforce fire control policies and introduce a rational colonization program.
Description
No. 25